Table 2.
Summary of ultrasound biomicroscopy-Doppler hemodynamic data
| Functional Parameter | Stage |
|
|---|---|---|
| E11.5 | E12.5 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | ||
| Control | 192±22 | 211±22 |
| Mutant | 184±24 | 208±34 |
| End-diastolic dimension*, mm | ||
| Control | 1.72±0.11 | 1.89±0.16 |
| Mutant | 1.75±0.08 | 1.89±0.17 |
| End-diastolic area*, mm2 | ||
| Control | 1.55±0.21 | 1.92±0.39 |
| Mutant | 1.58±0.08 | 1.91±0.14 |
| Fractional area shortening* | ||
| Control | 0.44±0.05 | 0.41±0.04 |
| Mutant | 0.44±0.04 | 0.52±0.04 |
| P-R interval, msec | ||
| Control | 85±6 | 85±7 |
| Mutant | 82±10 | 84±16 |
| DA ET, msec | ||
| Control | 129±16 | 125±12 |
| Mutant | 134±16 | 129±16 |
| DA CL, msec | ||
| Control | 318±44 | 288±30 |
| Mutant | 334±61 | 293±51 |
| ET-to-CL ratio | ||
| Control | 0.408±0.043 | 0.436±0.032 |
| Mutant | 0.406±0.043 | 0.442±0.026 |
| DA acceleration time, msec | ||
| Control | 40±6 | 41±5 |
| Mutant | 42±8 | 37±6 |
| VA peak flow velocity, mm/s | ||
| Control | 30.8±6.6 | 34.1±10.2 |
| Mutant | 31.4±6.5 | 33.8±3.2 |
| VA velocity-time integral, mm | ||
| Control | 2.6±0.6 | 2.6±0.7 |
| Mutant | 2.6±0.7 | 2.8±0.3 |
Data are means ± SD. Data from mutants did not differ significantly from control data. Total embryos imaged: E11.5 control (59), E11.5 mutant (20), E12.5 control (22), and E12.5 mutant (3). CL, cycle length; DA, dorsal aorta; ET, ejection time; VA, vitelline artery.
*
Because of inadequate resolution and variable fetal lie/positioning within the maternal abdomen, fewer embryos were imaged for ventricular dimensions, but n ≥ 7 except for E12.5 P0 mutants.