Expression from ETEs is epigenetically silenced. Supercoiled (gray bars), linear (dotted bars in A), or hairpin-capped (black bars) pΔBM-d2EGFP was transfected into COLO 320 cells, and transformants were selected on blasticidine for 40 days (A and C) or 40 or 80 days (B). The expression of d2EGFP was measured with a cell sorter as described (10) and is expressed as arbitrary units. For C, the cells were treated with 2 mm butyrate, 100 nm trichostatin A, 3 μm MS-275, 0.1 μg/ml oxamflatin, 1.6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or 3 μm 5-azacytidine for 3 days before measuring d2EGFP expression.