Table 2.
Characteristics of qualitative studies in adults and mixed populations
| Name | Year | Country | Setting | Population | Primary methods (n) | Disease terminology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult focus | ||||||
| Agyepong | 1992 | Ghana | Rural | Men and women over 20 years old | 6 focus groups | Asra, asraku |
| Stevens | 1995 | Tanzania | Urban, peri-urban | Adults, community leaders | 8 focus groups (94), 72 focused discussions (175) |
malaria |
| Rashed | 1999 | Benin | Rural | Parents, community elders, non-western healers, health care providers | 23 focus groups (252), 8 semi-structured interviews | Ouevozon |
| Nyamongo | 2002 | Kenya | Rural | Adults aged 18 to 80 | Interviews (35) | - |
| Mixed focus | ||||||
| Helitzer-Allen | 1993 | Malawi | Rural | Mothers, pregnant women, husbands, health workers, community leaders | 160 in-depth interviews† 24 focus groups†† |
Malungo |
| Agyepong | 1994 | Ghana | Rural and urban | Caregivers of children under 5 years | Interviews (471) | Asra, asraku |
| Kengeya-Kayondo | 1994 | Uganda | Rural | Women, mothers, female caregivers | 5 focus groups (42), 395 semi-structured interviews, 64 key informant interviews |
- |
| Winch | 1996 | Tanzania | Rural | Group meetings with local government officials, religious leaders, teachers, and health workers, | 40 unstructured interviews and focus groups, pile sorting with 8 respondents | Homa, homa kali, homa ya kuchemka, homa ya malaria, degedege |
| Muela | 1998 | Tanzania | Semi-rural | Adult malaria patients, caretakers of children under 5, mothers, villagers, traditional healers | 6 focus groups, 103 interviews | Malaria, homa, homa ya malaria, degedege |
| Munguti | 1998 | Kenya | Rural | Heads of households reporting a case of malaria within the previous 2 weeks | Structured interviews (463) | - |
| Mixed focus (cont'd) | ||||||
| Oberlander | 2000 | Tanzania | Rural village | - | Participant observation, informal group discussion, ethnographic interviews | Degedege, mchango, kibwengo, malaria |
| Brieger | 2001 | Nigeria | Urban | Adults, child caregivers | 36 focus groups, 154 interviews | Iba, malaria, fever, malaria fever |
| Nuwaha | 2002 | Uganda | Rural, partly-urban | Men, women, heads of households | 4 focus groups | omushwija, omussuja |
| Okrah | 2002 | Burkina Faso | Rural, partly-urban | Caregivers of children under 5, adult community members | 10 focus groups, 9 key informant interviews | Soumaya |
| Adongo | 2005 | Ghana | Rural | Women, men, couples, mothers, healers, bednet vendors | 8 focus groups, 98 interviews | Pua, feber, nienga, zumzuri |
| Eriksen | 2005 | Tanzania | Rural and urban | Mothers, fathers, health workers | 12 focus groups | - |
| Onwujekwe | 2005 | Nigeria | Rural | Men, women, youths | 9 focus groups | iba |
| Deressa | 2007 | Ethiopia | Rural | Mothers of children under 5 Men with at least one child |
3 Focus groups 4 Focus groups |
busa |
| Essé | 2008 | Côte d'Ivoire | Rural | School children aged 10-14 Health practitioners, health facility staff, local healers, religious leaders |
6 Focus groups 15 Key informant interviews |
Djèkouadjo, djékadjo, ewuego, anumą |
| Idowu | 2008 | Nigeria | Rural | Adults | Focus groups | Iba otutu |
†interview target groups -- pregnant women, women who had recently given birth, chiefs and village headmen, husbands of pregnant women, traditional birth attendants, health worker, traditional advisors, and traditional healers
††focus group target groups -- pregnant women, women who had recently given birth, and husbands of pregnant women