Time-dependent effects of i.d.-injected vehicle and clonidine (0.03 mg·kg−1) on (A) mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), (B) heart rate (HR), (C) mesenteric blood flow (MBF), (D) mesenteric vascular conductance (MVC), (E) colonic blood flow (CBF) measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and (F) colonic vascular conductance (CVC). The basal values of the cardiovascular parameters were recorded and averaged during the 15–0 min period pre injection and set as 100%. The values recorded and averaged during the 0–15 min, 15–30 min, 60–75 min and 75–90 -min periods post injection are expressed as a percentage of the baseline recordings. Means ± SEM, n= 7–8. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus basal (one-way anova for repeated measures followed by the Bonferroni test); +P < 0.05, ++P < 0.01 versus vehicle (Student's t-test).