Figure 1.

Cardiovascular effects of amlodipine, cilnidipine and candesartan in the canine model of chronic atrioventricular block. Cardiovascular variables in the amlodipine (n= 8) and cilnidipine (n= 7) groups were obtained at pre-drug control (C) and 2 weeks (2W) and 4 weeks (4W) after the start of drug administration, whereas those in the candesartan group (n= 7) were obtained at pre-drug control and 4 weeks after the start of drug administration. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Solid symbols represent the significant differences from each pre-drug control (C) value, P < 0.05. MBP, mean blood pressure; SAR, sinoatrial rate; VR, ventricular rate; CO, cardiac output; CI, cardiac index; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; TPR, total peripheral vascular resistance.