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. 2009 Oct 27;80(10):101101. doi: 10.1063/1.3236681

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The phase-quadrature condition between a signal and a reference field. When the relative phase between the signal and reference is π∕2, then a phase modulation (ΔEs) on the signal is in-phase with the reference wave Er and is transduced into an intensity modulation on the combined field.