TABLE 5.
Predictors of Pneumococcal Carriage, PNSP Carriage, and Non-PCV7 Carriage According to Sampling Year
Predictors of Carriage | OR (95% CI) |
P for Interaction with Yeara | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 2004 | 2007 | ||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | ||||
Age | .02 | |||
3 to <6 mo | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
6 to <24 mo | 4.0 (1.5–11.0)b | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | |
24 to <36 mo | 2.0 (0.7–6.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | |
≥36 mo | 2.6 (1.0–7.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0)b | |
RTI | 2.4 (1.7–3.6)b | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9)b | .03 |
Group child care | 2.4 (1.6–3.7)b | 2.0 (1.4–2.9)b | 2.2 (1.6–3.2)b | .90 |
Young siblings | .79 | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2)b | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | |
>1 | 2.8 (1.5–5.2)b | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8)b | |
Recent antibiotic use | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)b | 0.7 (0.5–1.0)b | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)b | .85 |
PNSPc | ||||
Age | .11 | |||
3 to <6 mo | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
6 to <24 mo | 5.2 (0.6–42.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | |
24 to <36 mo | 1.6 (0.2–15.1) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | |
≥36 mo | 1.8 (0.2–14.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7)b | 0.4 (0.1–0.9)b | |
RTI | 4.2 (2.3–7.9)b | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | <.0001 |
Group child care | 3.6 (1.8–7.3)b | 2.2 (1.3–3.7)b | 2.3 (1.4–3.9)b | .50 |
Young siblings | .54 | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | |
>1 | 1.6 (0.6–4.7) | 3.0 (1.1–7.6)b | (0.4–2.2) | |
Recent antibiotic use | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6)b | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | .66 |
Non-PCV7 | ||||
Age | .29 | |||
3 to <6 mo | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
6 to <24 mo | 2.4 (0.8–7.3) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | |
24 to <36 mo | 1.3 (0.4–4.5) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | |
≥36 mo | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | |
RTI | 1.9 (1.2–3.1)b | 1.3 (0.9–1.8)b | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | .29 |
Group child care | 2.7 (1.6–4.7)b | 2.2 (1.5–3.2)b | 2.2 (1.5–3.2)b | .78 |
Young siblings | .96 | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | |
>1 | 2.0 (1.0–4.2) | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8)b | |
Recent antibiotic use | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)b | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)b | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)b | .68 |
Three generalized linear mixed models were calculated by using data limited to each sampling period. Participants missing covariate values were excluded from the models. Because of rounding, some estimates with P > .05 show 95% CIs that include 1.0.
P values were derived from a separate multivariate model in which data from all 3 sampling periods were included. The P values evaluating the interactions between year and each covariate are provided.
ORs with P ≤ .05.
PNSP is based upon the nonsusceptibility breakpoint used before 2008 (MIC of >0.06 mg/L).