Table I.

Indications for the use of antithrombin

Clinical conditions	Notes	GoR
Congenital antithrombin deficiency
Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and thrombo-embolism in high-risk situations	For the entire time that the high-risk state is present	2C
Treatment of ongoing thrombosis	Until the indicated level of oral anticoagulation is reached	2C
	This latter must be maintained life-long in cases of repeated thromboembolism	2C+
Acquired antithrombin deficiency
Increased consumption (in DIC associated with severe sepsis)	Administration of high doses, not associated with heparin, may improve survival	2C+
- DIC associated with trauma, burns, pregnancy - neonates of mothers with AT deficiency or a family history of venous thromboembolism - ongoing thrombosis with low levels of AT and resistance to heparin - acute thromboembolism during treatment with L-asparaginase - extracorporeal circulation - thrombosis of the hepatic artery following orthotopic liver transplantation - veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation - chronic, not decompensated conditions of deficiency: acute or chronic liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy, pre-eclampsia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, multiple trauma and post-operatively in the absence of DIC.	There is little evidence of the efficacy of treatment with AT in these clinical circumstances

GoR: Grade of Recommendation