Table 1.
Acrylamide adducts and glycidamide adducts concentrations by participant characteristics
| No. (weighted %) | HbAA (pmol/g Hb) | P * | HbGA (pmol/g Hb) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1,356 (100) | 61.6 (57.4–66.0) | 57.4 (54.0–61.6) | ||
| Age | 0.002 | <0.001 | |||
| 20–39 years | 494 (39.3) | 66.7 (61.0–73.0) | 63.4 (59.2–68.7) | ||
| 40–59 years | 401 (40.2) | 62.8 (56.3–70.1) | 59.2 (55.7–62.8) | ||
| ≥60 years | 461 (20.5) | 51.4 (47.5–55.2) | 45.2 (39.7–51.9) | ||
| Sex | 0.003 | 0.551 | |||
| Men | 660 (48.7) | 65.4 (59.7–71.5) | 57.4 (54.1–61.0) | ||
| Women | 696 (51.3) | 58.0 (54.6–62.2) | 58.0 (53.0–62.8) | ||
| Race | 0.065 | 0.712 | |||
| Mexican American | 279 (8.1) | 63.4 (59.7–75.2) | 61.6 (55.2–68.7) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 732 (73.2) | 62.2 (57.4–67.4) | 58.0 (53.0–62.8) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 245 (9.9) | 66.7 (58.6–75.2) | 56.3 (51.4–61.6) | ||
| Others | 100 (8.8) | 50.9 (42.1–61.6) | 54.1 (48.4–60.3) | ||
| Smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Nonsmoker | 888 (63.0) | 49.4 (46.5–52.0) | 48.4 (45.2–51.9) | ||
| Former smoker | 189 (13.3) | 52.5 (45.6–59.7) | 48.9 (41.7–56.8) | ||
| Active smoker | 279 (23.7) | 124.0 (108.9–141.2) | 98.5 (89.1–110.0) | ||
| Cotinine | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <0.1 ng/ml | 736 (50.1) | 47.5 (45.2–49.9) | 47.0 (43.0–50.9) | ||
| 0.1–10 ng/ml | 264 (20.2) | 50.4 (44.3–56.8) | 49.9 (43.4–56.8) | ||
| ≥10 ng/ml | 356 (29.7) | 110.0 (99.5–121.5) | 90.0 (83.1–97.5) | ||
| Alcohol drinking status | 0.053 | 0.601 | |||
| <12 drinks/year | 681 (44.9) | 56.8 (51.9–62.2) | 57.4 (52.5–62.8) | ||
| <144 drinks/year | 325 (26.8) | 61.0 (54.6–67.4) | 58.0 (51.4–64.7) | ||
| ≥144 drinks/year | 350 (28.3) | 70.8 (64.1–78.3) | 58.0 (53.5–62.2) | ||
| Education levels | 0.001 | 0.005 | |||
| <High school | 366 (17.1) | 65.4 (58.6–73.0) | 62.2 (57.4–67.4) | ||
| High school | 345 (27.2) | 73.0 (62.8–83.9) | 65.4 (56.8–75.9) | ||
| >High school | 645 (55.6) | 55.7 (52.5–59.7) | 53.0 (48.9–57.4) | ||
| Annual household income (USD) | 0.001 | 0.244 | |||
| <25,000 | 420 (22.2) | 65.4 (59.7–71.5) | 58.0 (51.9–64.1) | ||
| 25,000–55,000 | 460 (32.3) | 64.1 (59.7–68.7) | 59.7 (53.5–66.7) | ||
| >55,000 | 476 (45.5) | 58.6 (53.0–64.1) | 56.3 (53.0–60.3) | ||
| BMI | 0.040 | 0.888 | |||
| <25 kg/m2 | 418 (33.4) | 68.7 (62.2–75.9) | 58.0 (53.0–63.4) | ||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 490 (35.1) | 59.2 (53.5–65.4) | 56.3 (49.4–64.7) | ||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 446 (31.4) | 57.4 (53.0–62.8) | 58.6 (55.2–62.2) |
Data are weighted geometric means (range) unless indicated otherwise. *Model adjusted for age, sex, and race.