Table 2.

RR of GDM in relation to SSB consumption (n = 13,475; case subjects = 860)

	SSB consumption				Ptrend
	0–3 servings/month	1–4 servings/week	≥5 servings/week	1 serving/day
All SSBs
No. case subjects/person-years	323/185,682	229/173,189	208/185,757
Model1*	1.00	1.01 (0.85–1.20)	1.23 (1.05–1.45)	1.25 (1.07–1.45)	0.005
Model 2†	1.00	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	1.17 (1.00–1.37)	1.18 (1.01–1.37)	0.04
Model 3‡	1.00	1.06 (0.89–1.25)	1.23 (1.05–1.44)	1.23 (1.05–1.43)	0.01
Model 4§	1.00	1.03 (0.87–1.23)	1.16 (0.98–1.37)	1.16 (0.99–1.36)	0.06
Sugar-sweetened cola
No. case subjects/person-years	544/332,516	168/113,899	148/98,214
Model1*	1.00	1.12 (0.94–1.33)	1.39 (1.16–1.67)	1.39 (1.16–1.67)	<0.001
Model 2†	1.00	1.07 (0.90–1.28)	1.26 (1.04–1.51)	1.25 (1.04–1.51)	0.02
Model 3‡	1.00	1.11 (0.93–1.32)	1.29 (1.07–1.56)	1.29 (1.07–1.55)	0.007
Model 4§	1.00	1.08 (0.90–1.28)	1.22 (1.01–1.47)	1.22 (1.01–1.47)	0.04
Other SSBs
No. case subjects/person-years	448/254,751	256/195,695	156/94,182
Model1*	1.00	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	0.98 (0.81–1.17)	0.97 (0.77–1.22)	0.78
Model 2†	1.00	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	0.95 (0.79–1.14)	0.94 (0.74–1.18)	0.58
Model 3‡	1.00	1.06 (0.90–1.23)	0.99 (0.82–1.19)	0.99 (0.78–1.25)	0.92
Model 4§	1.00	1.02 (0.87–1.19)	0.94 (0.78–1.13)	0.92 (0.73–1.16)	0.48

Data are RR (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated.

*Model 1 adjusted for age (5-year category) and parity (0, 1, 2, or ≥3).

†Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 plus race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking status (never, past, or current), family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative (yes or no), alcohol intake (5 categories: 0, 0.1–5.0, 5.1–15.0, or >15 g/day), and physical activity (quintile).

‡Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 plus BMI (9 categories: <21.0, 21.0–22.9, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–28.9, 29.0–30.9, 31.0–32.9, 33.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m²).

§Model 4 adjusted for variables in model 3 plus Western dietary pattern score (quintile).