Table 3.

RR of GDM in relation to diet beverage consumption (n = 13,475, cases = 860)

	Diet beverage consumption				Ptrend
	0–3 servings/month	1–4 servings/week	≥5 servings/week	1 serving/day
All diet beverages
No. case subjects/person-years	158/71,233	268/175,901	434/297,495
Model1*	1.00	0.86 (0.69–1.06)	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	1.06 (0.94–1.18)	0.36
Model 2†	1.00	0.90 (0.73–1.11)	1.08 (0.93–1.25)	1.08 (0.97–1.21)	0.17
Model 3‡	1.00	0.82 (0.66–1.01)	0.86 (0.73–1.00)	0.91 (0.81–1.03)	0.12
Model 4§	1.00	0.85 (0.68–1.05)	0.87 (0.74–1.02)	0.92 (0.81–1.04)	0.20
Diet cola
No. case subjects/person-years	356/472,125	322/42,326	182/30,178
Model1*	1.00	0.92 (0.75–1.13)	1.03 (0.88–1.20)	1.04 (0.92–1.17)	0.53
Model 2†	1.00	0.97 (0.79–1.19)	1.07 (0.91–1.25)	1.06 (0.94–1.20)	0.34
Model 3‡	1.00	0.87 (0.71–1.07)	0.86 (0.73–1.00)	0.90 (0.79–1.02)	0.10
Model 4§	1.00	0.90 (0.72–1.12)	0.86 (0.72–1.02)	0.90 (0.78–1.03)	0.07
Other diet beverages
No. case subjects/person-years	552/71,788	217/461,344	91/11497
Model1*	1.00	1.00 (0.83–1.20)	1.28 (1.01–1.64)	1.34 (0.98–1.81)	0.06
Model 2†	1.00	1.06 (0.88–1.26)	1.34 (1.05–1.71)	1.44 (1.06–1.95)	0.02
Model 3‡	1.00	0.94 (0.79–1.13)	1.13 (0.88–1.44)	1.13 (0.83–1.53)	0.45
Model 4§	1.00	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	1.18 (0.91–1.51)	1.21 (0.88–1.66)	0.24

Data are RR (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated.

*Model 1 adjusted for age (5-year category) and parity (0, 1, 2, or ≥3).

†Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 plus race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking status (never, past, or current), family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative (yes or no), alcohol intake (5 categories: 0, 0.1–5.0, 5.1–15.0, or >15g/day), and physical activity (quintile).

‡Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 plus BMI (9 categories: <21.0, 21.0–22.9, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–28.9, 29.0–30.9, 31.0–32.9, 33.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m².)

§Model 4 adjusted for variables in model 3 plus Western dietary pattern score (quintile) and SSBs.