Table 1.
Polar development homologues in A. tumefaciens
| Protein name | A. tumefaciens Homologuea | Predicted function and localization (Caulobacter model)b | C. crescentus Homologuec |
|---|---|---|---|
| CtrA | Atu2434 | Master transcriptional regulator of biphasic life cycle in C. crescentus. Enriched in stalked cells and at the stalk pole. | CC3035 |
| CckA | Atu1362 | Cognate histidine sensor kinase for CtrA. Dynamic polar localization. | CC1078 |
| PleC | Atu0982 | Histidine sensor kinase – Required to localize other developmental proteins. Inhibits DivK and PleD. Dynamic polar localization and delocalization. | CC2482 |
| DivJ | Atu1888 | Histidine sensor kinase – Localized to pole opposite PleC in developing stalked cell. Activates DivK and PleD. | CC1063 |
| DivK | Atu1296 | Response regulator – target of DivJ kinase. Nonphosphorylated DivK is daughter cell. Phospho DivK at stalk pole. | CC2463 |
| DivL | Atu0027 | Tyrosine kinase suspected to stimulate CtrA phosphorylation. Dynamic polar localization dependent on DivJ. | CC3484 |
| PleD | Atu1297 | Response regulator with GGDEF domain and c-di-GMP synthase activity. Required for flagellar ejection. | CC2462 |
| PodJ | Atu0499 | Polar development protein J – membrane protein required to develop holdfast and target correct flagellar placement. Dynamic polar localization and proteolytic processing. | CC2045 |
a
A. tumefaciens C58 genome number (http://agro.vbi.vt.edu/public/)
b
See Brown et al. for a comprehensive review on the functions of these proteins in C. crescentus development
c
C. crescentus gene number (Genbank)