RGC Morphological measurements were correlated with phase retardation per unit depth (PR/UD, proportional to birefringence) for subjects 57205 and 1853. RGC axoplasmic area (Ax) mode, neurotubule number (k) vs. Ax least-squares linear slope (u), and fractional area of axoplasm per unit nerve fiber bundle (fx) measurements are associated with non-sparse axons only. Axon area (Aa) mode, mitochondrial fractional area (xm), mitochondria-containing axon profile fraction (mp), and length of axonal membrane per unit nerve fiber bundle area (Lam/Ab) measurements are associated with both sparse and non-sparse axons (s, ns). Asterisks denote morphological parameters that had a significant correlation with PR/UD. NT, Neurotubules