Table 1.
Acute in vitro morphine-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release.
| Control | Morphine 10 µM | Morphine 100 µM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (pg/ml) | (pg/ml) | (pg/ml) | ||||
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | |
| IL-1β | 11.3 | 1.1 | 15.4 | 2.0 | 19.0* | 2.5 |
| IL-6 | 163.1 | 19.4 | 345.9 | 60.1 | 381.3* | 55.7 |
| IL-10 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.5 |
| Fractalkine | 44.6 | 1.0 | 74.0* | 7.0 | 73.6* | 7.5 |
| GRO/KC | 317.2 | 93.5 | 1232.5 | 520.9 | 2477.2* | 500.4 |
| MIP-1α | 4.5 | 0.4 | 18.3* | 3.3 | 23.8* | 3.6 |
| MCP-1 | 258.8 | 18.3 | 400.3 | 43.6 | 441.4* | 57.3 |
| RANTES | 7.7 | 1.0 | 7.5 | 0.6 | 11.3 | 1.2 |
| TNF-α | 8.1 | 1.3 | 16.6 | 2.8 | 26.3* | 2.0 |
Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from lumbar dorsal spinal cord sections incubated for 180 min in vitro with morphine (10 µM and 100 µM) compared to media alone
*
P < 0.05.