Table 3.
| Table 3A: Chronic morphine and methadone increase CSF proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSF | Saline (pg/µl) |
Methadone (pg/µl) |
Morphine (pg/µl) |
|||
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | |
| Fractalkine | 59.8 | 3.7 | 167.9* | 23.6 | 154.3* | 2.6 |
| GMCSF | 122.1 | 30.9 | 192.3 | 25.3 | 187.9 | 5.6 |
| GRO/KC | 428.1 | 96.0 | 3420.5* | 1229.6 | 1953.4* | 248.0 |
| IFN-γ | 207.6 | 73.1 | 401.6 | 45.5 | 360.9 | 14.2 |
| IL-10 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 43.1* | 9.4 | 28.5* | 0.4 |
| IL-1α | 40.8 | 7.2 | 116.4* | 37.8 | 117.4* | 47.6 |
| IL-1β | 115.7 | 18.0 | 378.4 | 56.2 | 473.9 | 106.5 |
| IL-2 | 206.3 | 75.5 | 369.5 | 34.9 | 359.9 | 15.5 |
| IL-4 | 13.2 | 4.8 | 20.5 | 3.7 | 24.1 | 1.0 |
| IL-6 | 348.1 | 72.5 | 3560.5* | 865.0 | 1315.5* | 53.8 |
| MCP-1 | 796.5 | 112.3 | 1211.2 | 159.7 | 1124.6 | 118.6 |
| MCP-1α | 10.5 | 2.0 | 52.0* | 14.4 | 32.9* | 3.8 |
| MIP-2 | 137.7 | 54.8 | 623.7 | 417.7 | 297.4 | 82.4 |
| MIP-3α | 95.4 | 26.4 | 478.4 | 202.0 | 124.0 | 11.9 |
| RANTES | 153.8 | 29.6 | 246.6 | 63.5 | 147.7 | 18.6 |
| TNF-α | 279.7 | 121.1 | 799.3* | 109.5 | 747.7* | 33.6 |
| Table 3B: Chronic morphine and methadone increase lumbar dorsal spinal cord proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar | Saline | Methadone | Morphine | |||
| DSC | (pg/mg) | (pg/mg) | (pg/mg) | |||
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | |
| Fractalkine | 123.2 | 6.4 | 157.7 | 27.3 | 105.1 | 14.7 |
| GMCSF | 62.8 | 8.6 | 106.1 | 22.9 | 67.2 | 6.1 |
| GRO/KC | 33.8 | 9.5 | 130.6 | 59.4 | 74.3 | 17.1 |
| IFN-γ | 27.1 | 6.7 | 52.9 | 13.1 | 39.5 | 6.4 |
| IL-10 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 4.2 | 0.6 |
| IL-1α | 10.0 | 1.9 | 47.0* | 13.9 | 26.4* | 1.1 |
| IL-1β | 28.9 | 2.1 | 94.5* | 26.0 | 72.9* | 3.2 |
| IL-2 | 42.7 | 5.5 | 86.5 | 14.1 | 66.1 | 9.4 |
| IL-4 | 12.7 | 2.1 | 12.0 | 1.2 | 16.8 | 3.3 |
| IL-6 | 287.9 | 29.7 | 865.8* | 266.2 | 568.5* | 59.3 |
| MCP-1 | 218.2 | 43.9 | 574.3 | 206.5 | 232.3 | 23.9 |
| MIP-1α | 12.2 | 4.4 | 43.6 | 20.4 | 10.4 | 2.1 |
| MIP-2 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 55.0 | 38.4 | 10.3 | 1.5 |
| MIP-3α | 43.8 | 2.3 | 108.5 | 48.7 | 46.0 | 5.2 |
| RANTES | 10.5 | 1.3 | 22.5 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 1.3 |
| TNF-α | 74.0 | 6.9 | 217.8* | 37.5 | 126.6* | 18.5 |
CSF cytokine and chemokine protein levels following 7 days intrathecal morphine, methadone or saline administration
*
P < 0.05.
Lumbar dorsal spinal cord protein levels following 7 days intrathecal morphine, methadone or saline administration
*
P < 0.05.