Table 1.
Symptoms and findings of patients in the study
| Case | Sex | Age | Eye Affected |
Primary Complains | Color Vision | Best Recorded VA |
Visual Fields | ffERG | mfERG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 63 | OU | Visual problems with light flashes | concentric attenuation | scotopic: lower b-amplitudes, a-wave normal; photopic: slightly lower b-amplitudes with longer implicit times at lower intensities; 30Hz response amplitude reduced | |||
| 2 | F | 70 | OU | Progressive loss of vision OU | 20/60 OU, | ring scotoma OS, unable to perform OD | extinguished ERG OU | ||
| 3 | F | 45 | OU | Decrease vision with small difficulties with dark adaptation | 20/40 OD, 20/40 OS | defect in central visual fields OU, small difficulties with dark adaptation | |||
| 4 | F | 48 | OU | Decreased vision OU | extinguished b-wave | ||||
| 5 | F | 73 | OU | Unexplained vision loss OU | Decreased | 20/400 OD, 20/30 OS | regions of central and peripheral loss of sensitivity, central scotomas OU on kinetic visual field | Mildly subnormal response of dark-adapted cone and 30 Hz flicker, moderately subnormal scotopic bright flash cone responses, cone implicit times prolonged | OD-diffuse loss of amplitude density throughout with mildly prolonged implicit times; OS-similar loss of amplitude with more patchy, mostly peripheral time delays |
| 6 | F | 89 | OU | Dramatic decrease in vision OS; blurry vision | Normal | 20/50 OD, 20/40 OS | constriction of visual fields OU | mild scotopic retinal dysfunction | |
| 7 | F | 50 | OU | Progressive loss of vision, CARlike symptoms | abnormal | ||||
| 8 | F | 71 | OU | Bilateral unexplained vision loss and vitreous debris OD; mild vitritis, VEP non-recordable; | 20/50; always poor vision OS | mild generalized constriction OU with some crossing of the isopters OD | scotopic ERG 30% reduced including the bright white flash, photopic normal | ||
| 9 | F | 33 | OU | Extreme photophobia, 3 months later symptoms worsen, persistent visual images, eye pain OU | Normal | 20/15 OU | Normal | normal | abnormal |
| 10 | F | 27 | OU | Loss of vision, night blindness with photopsias OU | Global peripheral retinal dysfunction | ||||
| 11 | F | 64 | OU | Progressive of color vision loss; blind spot OS than OD | Progressive loss | Far OD 20/25, OS 20/50 near 20/200 OU | severe bicentral scotoma | responses in central are diminished OU | |
| 12 | F | 59 | OU | Progressive loss of vision | Color blind | ||||
| 13 | F | 52 | OU | Visual loss; low tension glaucoma; dry eyes | 11/12 OD, 10/12 OS | 20/25+ OU | fields full to finger counting OU; nasal loss progressive to one central spot | ||
| 14 | F | 83 | OU | Sudden onset of photopsias, photophobia, decrease in distance vision | Normal | 20/25 OD, 20/40 OS | mild to moderate constriction for all isopters tested, patchy static fields, severe loss of retinal sensitivity throughout central 30 degrees | mild to moderate subnormal responses of rods, dark adapted cones, scotopic bright flash responses, and 30 Hz flicker responses w/prolonged rod and cone implicit times, mildly subnormal photopic cone response OD and low normal OS | |
| 15 | F | 68 | OU | loss of vision, diffuse RPE loss | 50% reduced diffusely | ||||
| 16 | F | 71 | OU | 1-2 years of unexplained photopsias | Normal | abnormal cone and rod | |||
| 17 | F | 52 | OU | Unexplained visual acuity loss OU | rod responses decreased | ||||
| 18 | F | 59 | OU | Progressive visual field loss and photopsias | Normal | 20/20 and J1+ OU | confrontational fields were intact OD but were impaired temporally OS to finger counting | abnormal | |
| 19 | F | 40 | OU | Progressive visual symptoms, photophobia, flashing lights | defects OD – inferioronasal defect | reduced scotopic and photopic a decrease in the 30Hz flicker implicit time | reduced scotopic and photopic | ||
| 20 | F | 37 | OD→OS | Unilateral pigmentary retinopathy OD; OS with sparkling photopsias | non-recordable OD | ||||
| 21 | F | 43 | OS | Unexplained vision loss OS, floaters, distortion and areas of missing, scrambled vision, decreased night vision and photophobia | Normal | 20/20 OD, 20/40 OS | Normal | mild to moderate scotopic dysfunction: borderline to mildly subnormal responses of rods, dark-adapted cones, scotopic 30 Hz flicker, moderately subnormal scotopic bright flash, normal implicit times, light-adapted cone responses normal | normal |
| 22 | F | 48 | OU | Acquired night blindness and peripheral visual loss | |||||
| 23 | F | 42 | OU | Rapid visual loss over 18 months | reduction in VF | ||||
| 24 | F | 73 | OD | Decreased vision | 20/60 OD, CF 2′ OS | reduced OU | |||
| 25 | F | 48 | OS>OD | Severe visual loss OS>OD, photophobia for about 6 months | |||||
| 26 | M | 69 | OU | Unexplained loss of vision | 20/25; 20/25 | abnormal scotopic responses OU | |||
| 27 | M | 54 | OD→OS | Visual sensations OD and OS, poor dark vision, nyctalopia | 20/100 and 20/30 OS | Defects | b-wave reduction in amplitude under scotopic condition to a bright intensity (MAR-like response) | ||
| 28 | M | 75 | OU | Bilateral several visual loss of sudden onset; normal VER with low amplitudes OU | CF OU | central scotomas; severe four quadrate loss OD | subnormal photopic OU -normal in amplitude but increased in implicit time | ||
| 29 | M | 80 | OU | Loss of vision and visual hallucinations | 20/25 OD, 20/25 OS | superior and inferior arcuate scotoma OD | |||
| 30 | M | 67 | OU | Photosensitivity | 10/14 OD, 11/14 OS | Normal | abnormal scotopic responses | ||
| 31 | M | 54 | OD→OS | Rapid progressive loss of vision OU, spontaneous photopsia OD | 1/20 OD, 6/10 OS | photopic response reduced | almost completely flat OU | ||
| 32 | M | 55 | OS→OD | Graduated decrease in vision in OS then OD | Poor | 20/200 OD, 5/200 OS | central scotomas | photopic response reduced | |
| 33 | M | 47 | OD | Visual field defects | central defect | OD normal, OS reduced | |||
| 34 | M | 42 | OU | Light sensitivity, and poor night vision | 20/20 OU | paracentral scotoma incorporating the blind spot, no far peripheral loss. | OD - 25% below normal minimum, cone 60% below, and moderate delay, weak OPs | weak across entire posterior pole, and striking delays | |
| 35 | M | 49 | OD | Visual problems | 20/30 OD 20/50 OS | slightly decreased scotopic amplitude on ERG | |||
| 36 | M | 43 | OD>OS | Poor night vision, reduced peripheral vision and glare | OD 20/70, OS 20/30 (Lasik OS) | central scotoma OD, OS better | unrecordable OD, small residual ERG OS | ||
| 37 | M | 46 | OS>OD | Progressive loss of vision, blurry vision more OS than OD, hypersensitivity to light, better dark vision | Severe deficit OU | OD 20/100, OS 20/40 | indicate retinal damage | ||
| 38 | M | 59 | OD>OS | Loss of vision | No color OD, half a control OS | CF OD, 20/300 OS | worsening in OD, slightly worse OS | ||
| 39 | M | 59 | OD→OS | Sudden onset of cloudiness in front of OD and 4 month later OS | 20/125 OD, 20/30 OS | central scotoma OD and an early central scotoma OS | symmetrically depressed values OU | ||
OD – right eye, OS – left eye, OU – both eyes, CF – count fingers, ERG – electroretinogram, ffERG – full field ERG, mf ERG - multifocal ERG, VEP – visual evoked response