Table 3. ECoG spectral amplitude alteration induced by intravenous administration of midazolam.
| (A) Maximal Augmentation of ECoG Spectral Amplitude following the Administration of Midazolam | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency Band | Delta | Theta | Alpha | Sigma | Beta | Low-Frequency Gamma | High-Frequency Gamma | Very-High-Frequency Gamma | ||
| Patient #1 | Left Frontal Neocortex (the seizure focus) | 25.6 | 5.4 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 0.2 | -1.3 | -2.2 | -3.0 | |
| Left Frontal Neocortex (the non-epileptic cortex surrounding the focus) | 2.5 | 0.3 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 12.7 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Left Parietal Neocortex | 7.1 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 18.3 | 15.3 | 25.6 | 20.2 | 12.7 | ||
| Left Temporal Neocortex | 6.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 8.1 | 4.9 | 2.5 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | 8.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 18.1 | 5.9 | 3.3 | -1.3 | -1.2 | ||
| Patient #2 | Right Frontal Neocortex | 7.8 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 14.3 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 2.5 | |
| Right Parietal Neocortex | 3.7 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 16.4 | 8.8 | 15.4 | 11.8 | 8.1 | ||
| Right Temporal Neocortex | 15.0 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 6.3 | ||
| Right Medial Temporal Region | 5.6 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 10.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 14.0 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | 3.8 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 4.7 | ||
| Patient #3 | Left Frontal Neocortex | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.5 | |
| Left Parietal Neocortex | 2.0 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | ||
| Left Temporal Neocortex | 5.8 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | 6.7 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 22.0 | 16.6 | 8.8 | 1.5 | 2.1 | ||
| Left Occipital Neocortex | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | ||
| Right Occipital Neocortex | 4.6 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | ||
| (B) Maximal Attenuation of ECoG Spectral Amplitude following the Administration of Midazolam | ||||||||||
| Patient #1 | Left Frontal Neocortex (the seizure focus) | -2.5 | -2.7 | -3.9 | -2.4 | -4.0 | -6.8 | -5.1 | -8.0 | |
| Left Frontal Neocortex (the non-epileptic cortex surrounding the focus) | -1.7 | -2.3 | -3.3 | -1.9 | 1.6 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -2.2 | ||
| Left Parietal Neocortex | -1.9 | -2.4 | -3.5 | -1.9 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -3.1 | -5.5 | ||
| Left Temporal Neocortex | -1.7 | -3.8 | -3.0 | -2.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | -1.2 | -1.8 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | -2.3 | -1.2 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -3.8 | -4.0 | ||
| Patient #2 | Right Frontal Neocortex | -1.2 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -1.4 | -2.1 | -1.7 | -2.2 | -2.6 | |
| Right Parietal Neocortex | -1.9 | -1.8 | -1.3 | -1.2 | -1.2 | -1.5 | -1.5 | -1.5 | ||
| Right Temporal Neocortex | -1.4 | -2.3 | -2.2 | -1.9 | -2.6 | -1.9 | -2.0 | -0.6 | ||
| Right Medial Temporal Region | -2.5 | -2.8 | -2.9 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -3.2 | -4.3 | -0.6 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | -2.6 | -1.6 | -1.4 | -1.5 | -1.5 | -1.6 | -1.4 | -0.6 | ||
| Patient #3 | Left Frontal Neocortex | -2.1 | -3.0 | -3.9 | -4.3 | -5.6 | -10.3 | -6.8 | -11.0 | |
| Left Parietal Neocortex | -2.8 | -3.1 | -3.5 | -4.4 | -4.9 | -4.0 | -2.3 | -1.7 | ||
| Left Temporal Neocortex | -2.1 | -3.3 | -3.8 | -4.1 | -6.5 | -1.8 | -2.6 | -1.6 | ||
| Left Medial Temporal Region | -3.3 | -4.7 | -3.3 | -4.2 | -8.1 | -11.9 | -6.8 | -6.0 | ||
| Left Occipital Neocortex | -4.2 | -4.8 | -4.3 | -4.1 | -5.3 | -3.3 | -2.5 | -2.6 | ||
| Right Occipital Neocortex | -3.7 | -5.6 | -4.0 | -4.6 | -4.8 | -5.1 | -3.0 | -2.7 | ||
The maximum z-score for each frequency band and each lobe during the period following administration of midazolam is described. Neither measures derived from the period prior to the seizure offset nor the period following administration of propofol is included in this table. All three subjects had augmentation of sigma amplitudes (represented as a z-score greater than 6) in the medial temporal region following intravenous administration of midazolam. Such augmentation of sigma amplitudes was noted not only in the medial temporal region but also in the some neocortical sites in patients 1 and 2.
The minimum z-score for each frequency band and each lobe during the period following administration of midazolam is described. Neither measures derived from the period prior to the seizure offset nor the period following administration of propofol is included in this table.