Figure 2.

Alternatively activated macrophages in autoimmune myocarditis. A) Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was induced using the myocarditogenic peptide MyHCα_614–629 derived from the murine cardiac myosin heavy chain emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant on days 0 and 7 supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and pertussis toxin. Percent scavenger receptor CD204^negCD11b⁺ vs. CD204⁺CD11b⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages were assessed in the heart during acute EAM in BALB/c male mice at day 21 post inoculation by flow cytometry [82]. B) BALB/c male mice received 10³ plaque forming units of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) with cardiac myosin on day 0 and the presence of GR1^negCD11b⁺ vs. GR1⁺CD11b⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages was examined from the heart at day 10 post infection by flow cytometry [50]. C) Similarly, expression levels of TLR4, Tim-3, IL-4R, IL-1β and IL-10 were compared between GR1⁻F4/80⁺ M1 vs. GR1⁺F4/80⁺ CD11b⁺ M2 macrophages obtained from the heart at day 10 during acute CVB3 myocarditis [50]. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.