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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 13.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Jul 10;33(8):1291–1308. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.022

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Sustained Startle Test and Conditioning Procedure. For conditioning, rats receive 8 presentations of a variable duration (3 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 6 min, and 8 min) 60-Hz 72-dB, clicker stimulus together with co-terminating footshock. Startle amplitude to 50-msec 95-dB noise bursts (ISI = 30 sec) is measured before and after conditioning, for 8 minutes in the absence and then for 8 minutes in the presence of the clicker. In normal rats, the clicker does not increase startle prior to conditioning, but does increase startle after conditioning. Black bars indicate periods when the clicker is present; arrows indicate footshock.