Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 642)
| Variable | N or Mean and Range | % or SD |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 277 | 43.1 |
| Female | 365 | 56.9 |
| Race-Ethnicity | ||
| Black | 127 | 19.8 |
| White | 407 | 63.4 |
| Hispanic | 79 | 12.3 |
| Other** | 29 | 4.5 |
| Marital Status* | ||
| Single | 148 | 23.1 |
| Married | 305 | 47.5 |
| Divorced | 127 | 19.8 |
| Separated | 33 | 5.1 |
| Widowed | 28 | 4.4 |
| Income | ||
| < $15,000 | 85 | 13.2 |
| $15,001–$30,000 | 98 | 15.3 |
| $30,001–$45,000 | 146 | 22.7 |
| $45,001–$60,000 | 95 | 14.8 |
| $60,001–$75,000 | 70 | 10.9 |
| > $75,000 | 135 | 21.0 |
| Education* | ||
| < 11 Years | 49 | 13 |
| High School Grad | 139 | 36 |
| Some College or Vocational/Technical | 291 | 5 |
| College Grad | 126 | 23 |
| Graduate Degree | 33 | 12 |
| Age | 44.7(18–80) | 12.3 |
| FTND* | ||
| Very Low | 79 | 12.3 |
| Low | 167 | 26.0 |
| Medium | 120 | 18.7 |
| High | 172 | 26.8 |
| Very High | 86 | 13.4 |
| Number of Cigarettes/Day Past 30 Days | 20.3 (10–80) | 9.1 |
| Age Started Smoking | 16.9 (6–49) | 4.9 |
| Number of Years Smoked | 26.7 (2–71) | 12.9 |
| Number of Previous 24-hour Quit Attempts | 5.47 (0–100) | 10.6 |
| Longest Duration of Previous Quit Attempt (Days) | 350.8 (0–5000) | 810.6 |
| Number of Smokers in Household | .47 (0–6) | .76 |
| Use of Past Approved Treatments for Nicotine Dependence | ||
| Yes | 308 | 48.0 |
| No | 334 | 52.0 |
| Use of Past Unapproved Treatments for Nicotine Dependence | ||
| Yes | 463 | 72.1 |
| No | 179 | 27.9 |
| Smoking for Cognitive Enhancement | 9.6 (4–16) | 3.3 |
| Smoking for Negative Affect Reduction | 9.7 (3–12) | 2.3 |
| Perceived Control over Abstinence-Induced Symptoms | 12.3 (4–20) | 3.8 |
| Perceived Stress | 6.3 (0–16) | 3.5 |
| Reactivity to Positive Affect/Social Cues | 20.4 (6–30) | 5.3 |
| Reactivity to Negative Affect Cues | 22.7 (6–30) | 5.7 |
| Reactivity to Habit Cues | 16.1 (5–25) | 4.5 |
| Internal Self-efficacy | 10.9 (0–24) | 6.5 |
| External Self-efficacy | 10.6 (0–24) | 7.1 |
*
Note. Indicates missing data (< 3)’
**
Asian American, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, More than one race, or Other.