Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2009 Sep 19;35(2):175–178. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.016

Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 642)

Variable N or Mean and Range % or SD
Sex
 Male 277 43.1
 Female 365 56.9
Race-Ethnicity
 Black 127 19.8
 White 407 63.4
 Hispanic 79 12.3
 Other** 29 4.5
Marital Status*
 Single 148 23.1
 Married 305 47.5
 Divorced 127 19.8
 Separated 33 5.1
 Widowed 28 4.4
Income
 < $15,000 85 13.2
 $15,001–$30,000 98 15.3
 $30,001–$45,000 146 22.7
 $45,001–$60,000 95 14.8
 $60,001–$75,000 70 10.9
 > $75,000 135 21.0
Education*
 < 11 Years 49 13
 High School Grad 139 36
 Some College or Vocational/Technical 291 5
 College Grad 126 23
 Graduate Degree 33 12
Age 44.7(18–80) 12.3
FTND*
 Very Low 79 12.3
 Low 167 26.0
 Medium 120 18.7
 High 172 26.8
 Very High 86 13.4
Number of Cigarettes/Day Past 30 Days 20.3 (10–80) 9.1
Age Started Smoking 16.9 (6–49) 4.9
Number of Years Smoked 26.7 (2–71) 12.9
Number of Previous 24-hour Quit Attempts 5.47 (0–100) 10.6
Longest Duration of Previous Quit Attempt (Days) 350.8 (0–5000) 810.6
Number of Smokers in Household .47 (0–6) .76
Use of Past Approved Treatments for Nicotine Dependence
 Yes 308 48.0
 No 334 52.0
Use of Past Unapproved Treatments for Nicotine Dependence
 Yes 463 72.1
 No 179 27.9
Smoking for Cognitive Enhancement 9.6 (4–16) 3.3
Smoking for Negative Affect Reduction 9.7 (3–12) 2.3
Perceived Control over Abstinence-Induced Symptoms 12.3 (4–20) 3.8
Perceived Stress 6.3 (0–16) 3.5
Reactivity to Positive Affect/Social Cues 20.4 (6–30) 5.3
Reactivity to Negative Affect Cues 22.7 (6–30) 5.7
Reactivity to Habit Cues 16.1 (5–25) 4.5
Internal Self-efficacy 10.9 (0–24) 6.5
External Self-efficacy 10.6 (0–24) 7.1
*

Note. Indicates missing data (< 3)’

**

Asian American, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, More than one race, or Other.