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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 26.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Anal Chem. 2008 Apr 1;4(2):75–101. doi: 10.2174/157341108784587795

Table 2.

Concentration and Plant Sources of Commonly Found Anthocyanins

Vaccinium macrocarpon Ribes nigrum Ribes grossularia Aronia melanocarpa Sambucus nigra
Cranberry Cranberry Black Currant Black Currant Black Currant Gooseberry Chokeberry Chokeberry Elderberry Elderberry
Anthocyanins [23] [24] [25] [25] [26] [26] [26] [24] [26] [27]
cy 3-glu 39.6 7.4 165 165 124.8–285.6 0.49–54.2 376 16.9 7398 2141–2518
cy 3-(coum)glu 4.3–44.3 1.3–22.6
cy 3-(caff)glu 2.4–4.5
cy3-gal 907.2 88.9 0.25 9897 1256.3
cy 3-ara 853.2 48 3993 1424.3
cy 3-rut 890 851 704.4–1388.3 4.6–33.6 44
cy 3-xyl 515 469
cy 3-sam 5459 2705–2770
cy 3-sam-5-glu 826
dp 3-glu 372 270 542.0–1132.1
dp 3-rut 916 841 1803.0–3114
pt 3-(coum)glu 13.4–144.1
pt 3-gal 32.4
pt 3-rut 1 2 18.6–41.5
pn 3-glu 40.4 0.5–1.3
pn 3-gal 1195.2 213.6
pn 3-ara 568.8 99.7
pn 3-rut 12 8 4.0–16.7 0.5–1.5
pg 3-glu 18
pg 3-ara 23
pg 3-rut 12.6–22.2
Vitis vinifera Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium myrtillus
Cabernet Franc Merlot Pinot Noir Grape skin Lowbush blueberry Lowbush blueberry Highbush blueberry Highbush blueberry Bilberry Bilberry
Anthocyanins [28] [28] [28] [29] [30] [23] [30] [24] [31] [25]
cy 3-glu 29.9–53.8 59.4–87.5 21.1–24.1 27.9–53.1 91 95.2 6.8 30.4 488 488
cy 3-(ac)glu 8.1–14.0 11.6–15.4 18.7–25.9 66.8 27.2 17.3
cy 3-(coum)glu 4.3–5.1 8.7–9.5
cy 3-gal 93.7 85 27.4 74.9 533 493
cy 3-(ac)gal 19.3 1.2
cy 3-ara 57.5 19.7 689 450
cy 3-(ac)ara 9.5 6.8
dp 3-glu 105.0–115.7 173.0–250.6 62.5–105.6 231.7–431.6 162 132.6 78.8 112.3 766 562
dp 3-(ac)glu 25.6–31.5 34.2–46.5 57–111.3 101.9 23.8 33
dp 3-(coum)glu 8.3–10.1 16.5–16.6
dp 3-gal 158.8 130.9 140.8 187.4 857 629
dp3-(ac)gal 58.8 5.7
dp 3-ara 70.8 88.4 142.2 94 859 632
pt 3-glu 73.1–78.8 110.0–125.6 68.7–104.5 270.9–385.2 115.2 181.9 51.1 70.3 437 359
pt 3-(ac)glu 22.8–23.0 25.4–29.2 84–114.1 70.7 25.5 19.3
pt 3-(coum)glu 5.5–7.7 9.4–11.7 33.6–69.7
pt3-gal 80.4 86.7 77.3 144.3 186 167
pt 3-(ac)gal 1.9 0.7
pt 3-ara 33.3 54.4 50.4 128.9 147 137
pt3-glu 87.4–106.2 74.2–80.9 114.2–146.2 259.5–381.9 49.3 5 160 187
pn 3-(ac)glu 29.7–35.2 12.7–14.1 118.7–165.5 47.8 18.7 3.5
pn 3-(coum)glu 17.4–18.4 8.8–12.0 78.3–300
pn 3-(caff)glu 1.6–2.6 2.1–3.1
pn 3-gal 25.3 32.3 5.7 33 34
pn 3-(ac)gal 15.3 0.3
pn 3-ara 18.7 33 20
mv 3-glu 188.3–263.1 203.0–248.2 303.5–378.5 1834.7–2889.7 199 239.7 112.1 114.6 492 350
mv 3-(ac)glu 55.4–76.8 43.6–56.1 923.3–1720.6 221.1 78.2 40
mv 3-(coum)glu 23.0–39.9 20.6–35.1 564.3–1908.3
mv 3-gal 174.2 244.8 137.2 150.1 181 124
mv 3-(ac)gal 116.2 27.2 24
mv 3-ara 68.3 98.6 122.2 114.5 136 91
Prunus cerasus Prunus avium Rubus occidentalis
Tart cherries Tart cherries Tart cherries Tart cherries Tart cherries Sweet Cherry Sweet Cherry Sweet Cherry Black Raspberry Black Raspberry
Anthocyanins [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [35] [36] [38] [39]
cy 3-glu 5.2–12.8 6 14.3–27.9 63.2–441 115.1 22.6–120.6 359–890
cy 3-(coum)glu 4535.3
cy 3-rut 92.6–252.6 11.0–49.0 94 104.8 154.5–219.7 721.6–1933.3 477.5 268.2–747.4 498–1677
cy 3-glucorut 173.0–518.9 1.0–165 373 230 889.5–2276.6
cy 3-xylorut 591–1158
cy 3-arabinorut 17
cy 3-sam 335–552
cy 3 (coum)sam 1295.8
cy 3-sopho 7.2–28.9 3.5 30.7–119.3
pn 3-glu 2.5–7.6 1.4
pn 3-rut 17 17.8 5.9–91.7 6.7 8.0–58.4
pg 3-glu 2
pg 3-rut 24.1–158 3.3
Smilax aspera Ocimum basilicum Solanum tuberosum Tropaeolum tuberosum Daucus carota Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Hippeastrum
Sarsaparilla berries Purple basil Potato skin Potato flesh Mashua Potato Black Carrot Flower Flower
Anthocyanins [40] [41] [42] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46]
cy 3-glu 3.8 7.3–47.5
cy 3-(coum)glu 1.5
cy 3-rut 1670 3.6–60.5 76.5–965.7
cy 3-sopho 27.8–113.4
cy 3-sopho-5-rham 40.9–132.0
cy 3-xyloglucogal 71.7
cy 3-(feru)xyloglucogal 750.3
cy 3-(caff)xyloglucogal 8.8
cy 3-(sina)xyloglucogal 142.6
cy 3-(coum)xyloglucogal 512.9
cy 3-lathy 255.2
cy 3,5-diglu 1.5 26.0–305.8
cy 3-(coum)glu-5-glu 3.6
dp 3-glu 7.4–35.6
dp 3-sopho-5-rham 64.6–228.3
dp 3-glu-5-rham 27.8–113.4
dp 3-glu-5-(ac)rham 214.8–594.8
dp 3-sopho-5-(ac)rham 64.6–729.4
dp 3,5-diglu 2.9–82.8
pt 3-(coum)rut-5-glu 3325–4376 115–2320
pt 3,5-diglu 1.3–61.2
pn 3,5-diglu 1.5 1.0–74.5
pn 3-(coum)glu-5-glu 34.9
pg 3-rut 20400 3.5–1163.1
pg 3,5-diglu 1.6–10.3
mv 3-(coum)rut-5-glu 1954–5779 99–1352
mv 3,5-diglu 5.0–52.1
Rubus idaeus Rubus ursinus Prunus domestica Lauras nobilis
Red Raspberry Red Raspberry Red Raspberry Blackberry Blackberry Blackberry Plum Plum flesh Plum Bay Laurel berries
Anthocyanins [38] [39] [47] [48] [38] [39] [49] [49] [50] [51]
cy 3-glu 29–168 69.9 236.7–251.2 1532.7 640 79.3–1039.3 3.2–22.7 80–7590 90000
cy 3-(ac)glu 7.9–43.6
cy 3-(coum)glu 1470.3
cy 3-(mal)glu 17.7 19.7
cy 3-(dioxal)glu 37.3
cy 3-gal 27.2
cy 3-rut 22–71 62.2 382.2 450 42.0–565.9 1.8–7.5 8590–1190 116000
cy 3-glucorut 62–106 115.8
cy 3-xyl 0.1
cy 3-sopho 47–356 557.7–638.6
Cy 3, 5-diglu 580.1
dp 3-glu 28.8
pn 3-glu 60–1190 10600
pn 3-rut 440–5030 10600
pg 3-glu 26.7–42.3
pg 3-glucorut 8 24.9
pg 3-sopho 4.0–43.0 52.1–87.7
mv 3-glu 28.5–36.4

Values are listed in μg/g and anthocyanin concentrations may vary within a plant species due to variety, conditions under which the product was sampled and even methods of calculation. Anthocyanin abbreviations are as follows: cy, cyanidin; dp, delphinidin; pt, petunidin; pn, peonidin; pg, pelargonidin; mv, malvidin; glu, glucoside; gal, galactoside; ara, arabinoside; xyl, xyloside; rut, rutinoside; sopho, sophoroside; sam, sambubioside; lathy, lathyroside; ac, acetyl; coum, coumaryl; caff, caffeoyl; mal, malonyl; feru, feruloyl; sinap, sinapoyl; dioxal, dioxaloyl.