TABLE 1.

Percentage of Observed Segments In Which Classroom Activity Occurred

Activity	Type	Control	FORI	Wide
Grouping	Whole classroom	67.4	76.6	68.9
	Small group	30.1	10.9	16.9
	Pairs	4.4	15.3	18.0
	Individual	13.6	15.3	8.7
Subject	Reading	63.1	84.7	84.7
	Other language arts	74.3	28.2	39.9
Intervention activity	Use of connected text	43.2	46.8	54.6
	Listening to teacher read	16.0	16.9	17.5
	Partner reading	3.9	10.9	18.0
	Echo reading	0.0	16.9	19.7
	Repeated reading	3.9	26.6	15.9
	Choral reading	4.4	8.9	6.6
Question types	Factual	41.3	28.6	45.3
	Reflective or inferential	10.2	16.2	22.4
	Vocabulary	10.7	17.3	26.8
	Word decoding	40.3	23.2	9.7
	Round robin rending	16.0	3.2	4.9
	Other	52.9	32.2	30.5
Typea of materials	Basal narratives	32.5	36.7	37.3
	Trade hook narratives	21.3	19.0	28.4
	Basal informational	2.9	8.9	8.2
	Trade book informational	3.9	0.8	19.1
	Worksheets	32.5	26.2	30.6
	Board/onchart work	32.0	20.2	8.2
	Other	6.8	17.3	10.3
Teacher activity	Telling	65.0	65.7	55.7
	Question and answer	49.0	46.0	51.4
	Listening	38.3	52.4	51.4
	Coaching	16.5	15.3	10.9
	Read aloud	10.7	25.8	33.3
	Other	34.0	21.4	23.0
Expected student response	Reading	28.2	47.2	0.3
	Reading with turn-taking	23.3	14.1	17.5
	Oral responding	16.0	18.5	13.7
	Oral turn-taking	42.2	34.7	40.4
	Listening	57.7	58.5	50.8
	Writing	31.1	22.6	20.8
	Other	14.0	20.1	8.7

Note. FORI = fluency-oriented reading instruction.