Table 1.
Participant characteristics. Number of male and female participants and mean (standard error) age, Stanford-Binet quantitative skills score, birth weight and gestational age across reading and birth groups. Significant differences between groups are indicated.
| Male:Female | Poor | Average | Good | All Reading |
| Full-Term | 3:2 | 4:0 | 0:2 | 7:4 |
| Low Risk | 1:3 | 1:1 | 3:1 | 5:5 |
| High Risk | 3:0 | 1:3 | 1:2 | 5:5 |
| All Birth Groups | 7:5 | 6:4 | 4:5 | 17:14 |
| Age | Poor | Average | Good | All Reading |
| Full-term | 16.3 (.17) | 16.6 (.29) | 16.9 (.21) | 16.6 (.14) |
| Low Risk | 16.3 (.30) | 17.0 (.04) | 16.2 (.25) | 16.4 (.17) |
| High Risk | 15.6 (.32) | 16.8 (.19) | 15.9 (.36) | 16.2 (.22) |
| All Birth Groups | 16.1 (.16) | 16.8 (.13) | 16.3 (.20) | 16.4 (.11) |
| Quantitative skills | Poor | Average | Good | All Reading |
| Full-term | 97.1 (2.8) | 98.8 (1.0) | 100.6 (5.1) | 98.3 (1.5) |
| Low Risk | 90.6 (2.0) | 98.3 (8.7) | 98.5 (.7) | 95.3 (2.0) |
| High Risk | 89.9 (4.4) | 96.1 (5.9) | 106.7 (5.4) | 97.4 (3.6) |
| All Birth Groups | 93.1 (1.9) | 97.6 (2.6) | 101.7 (2.2)* | 97.1 (1.4) |
| Birth Weight | Poor | Average | Good | All Reading |
| Full-term | 3362 (139) | 3607 (251) | 3582 (158) | 3491 (110) |
| Low Risk | 1265 (96) | 1185 (175) | 1408 (43) | 1306 (55)** |
| High Risk | 825 (208) | 929 (17) | 960 (187) | 907 (75)**,*** |
| All Birth Groups | 2028 (352) | 2051 (435) | 1742 (360) | 1952 (216) |
| Gestational Age | Poor | Average | Good | All Reading |
| Full-term | 40.0 (0.0) | 40.0 (0.0) | 40.0 (0.0) | 40.0 (0.0) |
| Low Risk | 30.5 (1.2) | 30.5 (1.5) | 32.3 (1.0) | 31.2 (0.7)** |
| High Risk | 27.0 (1.7) | 28.5 (0.6) | 28.0 (1.0) | 29.7 (1.2)** ,*** |
| All Birth Groups | 34.5 (1.5) | 34.1 (1.9) | 32.6 (1.6) | 33.3 (1.0) |
*
Significantly different (p<=0.01) than poor readers;
**
Significantly different (p<0.001) than full-term;
***
Significantly difference (p<0.01) than low-risk