Table 1.

Estradiol uniquely upregulates signaling pathways in activated SLE T cells but not in normal T cells. Gene lists that were generated from microarray data were analyzed for pathways uniquely upregulated in all SLE but not in control T cells. List shown is of pathways in the SLE T cells which met the criteria for significance (p ≤ 0.05).

Pathway	SLE T cells p-value	Control T cells p-value
Pentose Phosphate Pathway	0.0002	NS
Inositol Phosphate Metabolism	0.0030	NS
Sulfur Metabolism	0.0037	NS
PI3K/AKT Signaling	0.0041	NS
Interferon Signaling	0.0047	NS
T Cell Receptor Signaling	0.0062	NS
Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling	0.0069	NS
GM-CSF Signaling	0.0071	NS
Insulin Receptor Signaling	0.0141	NS
β-alanine Metabolism	0.0155	NS
Propanoate Metabolism	0.0170	NS
Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation	0.0170	NS
Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis	0.0191	NS
Calcium Signaling	0.0275	NS
Synaptic Long Term Potentiation	0.0380	NS
SAPK/JNK Signaling	0.0407	NS
Huntington’s Disease Signaling	0.0407	NS