Table 2. Examples of cellular IRES elements.
| Gene | Cellular conditions for translation | Known ITAFs |
|---|---|---|
| Apaf-1 | Apoptosis | PTB, unr, DAP5 |
| XIAP | Apoptosis | La, hnRNP C1/C2, DAP5 |
| c-myc | Apoptosis, development, genotoxic stress, cell cycle | PCBP2, PCBP1, hnRNP C1/C2, hnRNP K, DAP5, IRP, unr, YB-1, GRSF-1, PSF, P54nrb |
| DAP5 | Apoptosis | DAP5 |
| Reaper | Apoptosis, heat shock | |
| Hsp70 | Apoptosis, heat shock | |
| Bcl-2 | Apoptosis | |
| HIAP2/c-IAP1 | Apoptosis, ER stress | DAP5 |
| Antennapedia | Development | |
| Ultrabithorax | Development | |
| ODC | Cell cycle | |
| PITSLRE | Cell cycle | unr |
| hnRNP A/B | Cell cycle | |
| Hairless | Cell cycle | |
| Notch2 | Cell cycle | |
| IGF-II | Cell Cycle | |
| VEGF | Hypoxia | PTB |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia | |
| Cat-1 | ER stress, hypoxia | |
| Bip | Heat shock | La, NSAP1 |
| BAG-1 | Heat shock | |
| FGF-2 | Tissue/cell specific | hnRNP A1 |
| FGF-1 | Tissue/cell specific | |
| Kv1.4 | Tissue/cell specific | |
| LEF-1 | Oncogenesis | |
Some of the IRES elements that have been identified in cellular mRNAs are shown, including known cellular ITAFs that function in translation for each particular IRES. Note that only non-canonical ITAFs are listed; this list does not include any canonical eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). Cellular mRNAs listed are roughly grouped by the cellular condition that induces translation of the particular IRES. Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor 1; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; DAP5, death-associated protein 5; Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; HIAP2/c-IAP1, inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase; IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor 2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; Cat-1, cationic amino acid transporter 1; BiP, immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein; BAG-1, BCL2-associated athanogene 1; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; LEF-1, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1. Data compiled from [82,112,131-134].