Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Similarities in crack location at the surface of specimen 1 at the end of the loading history. The experiment (left) shows cracks emanating from preexisting cracks (white) and new cracks (black). The simulation (right) shows elements with one or two cracks.
