Table II.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for Infant Wheezing, Environmental Exposures, and GST-P1 Genotype.
| A. DEP Estimate Exposure | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheezing at 12 Months | Wheezing at 24 Months | Persistent Wheezing | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| DEP Estimate ≥ 0.50 µg/m3 | 0.89 | 0.41–1.96 | 0.78 | 1.16 | 0.47–2.82 | 0.75 | 2.13 | 1.11–4.07 | 0.02 |
| Ile/Val or Val/Val Gentoype | 0.94 | 0.61–1.44 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 0.61–1.72 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.52–1.61 | 0.76 |
| Daycare Attendance* | 1.48 | 0.76–2.88 | 0.25 | 1.86 | 1.03–3.38 | 0.04 | 1.13 | 0.52–2.48 | 0.76 |
| Non-Caucasian Race | 1.21 | 0.73–2.00 | 0.46 | 2.29 | 1.31–3.99 | <0.01 | 2.57 | 1.33–4.98 | 0.01 |
| Male Gender | 1.41 | 0.96–2.09 | 0.08 | 1.61 | 1.02–2.55 | 0.04 | 1.90 | 1.07–3.38 | 0.03 |
| DEP*Ile/Val or Val/Val Genotype | 2.52 | 0.91–7.01 | 0.08 | 2.23 | 0.72–6.92 | 0.16 | ns | ||
| B. ETS Exposure | |||||||||
| Wheezing at 12 Months | Wheezing at 24 Months | Persistent Wheezing | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| ETS Exposure | 1.78 | 1.17–2.71 | 0.01 | 2.06 | 1.27–3.35 | <0.01 | 1.70 | 0.94–3.07 | 0.08 |
| Ile/Val or Val/Val Gentoype | 1.09 | 0.73–1.61 | 0.68 | 1.21 | 0.75–1.93 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 0.52–1.59 | 0.73 |
| Daycare Attendance* | 1.50 | 0.77–2.93 | 0.23 | 1.72 | 0.95–3.12 | 0.08 | 1.06 | 0.48–2.31 | 0.89 |
| Non-Caucasian Race | 1.21 | 0.73–1.99 | 0.46 | 2.36 | 1.36–4.10 | <0.01 | 2.60 | 1.35–5.02 | <0.01 |
| Male Gender | 1.50 | 1.01–2.23 | 0.05 | 1.73 | 1.08–2.77 | 0.02 | 1.98 | 1.11–3.52 | 0.02 |
| ETS*Ile/Val or Val/Val Genotype | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
| C. Mold Exposure | |||||||||
| Wheezing at 12 Months | Wheezing at 24 Months | Persistent Wheezing | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Mold Exposure | 1.31 | 0.87–1.97 | 0.20 | 2.18 | 1.30–3.63 | <0.01 | 2.57 | 1.33–4.96 | 0.01 |
| Ile/Val or Val/Val Gentoype | 1.09 | 0.73–1.64 | 0.67 | 1.25 | 0.77–2.03 | 0.38 | 0.95 | 0.52–1.73 | 0.87 |
| Daycare Attendance* | 1.68 | 0.82–3.46 | 0.16 | 1.75 | 0.93–3.32 | 0.08 | 1.27 | 0.55–2.93 | 0.57 |
| Non-Caucasian Race | 1.37 | 0.81–2.34 | 0.24 | 3.06 | 1.68–5.60 | <0.01 | 3.64 | 1.75–7.59 | <0.01 |
| Male Gender | 1.34 | 0.89–2.01 | 0.16 | 1.74 | 1.07–2.82 | 0.02 | 2.00 | 1.08–3.69 | 0.03 |
| Mold*Ile/Val or Val/Val Genotype | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
| D. Environmental Load | |||||||||
| Wheezing at 12 Months | Wheezing at 24 Months | Persistent Wheezing | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Environmental Load† | |||||||||
| None | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| One | 1.21 | 0.75–1.95 | 0.43 | 1.82 | 1.00–3.32 | 0.05 | 2.05 | 0.96–4.41 | 0.06 |
| Two or more | 2.07 | 1.24–3.46 | 0.01 | 3.57 | 1.92–6.64 | <.01 | 3.86 | 1.78–8.37 | <0.01 |
| Ile/Val or Val/Val Gentoype | 1.15 | 0.78–1.69 | 0.50 | 1.30 | 0.81–2.08 | 0.28 | 0.96 | 0.55–1.70 | 0.89 |
| Daycare Attendance* | 1.52 | 0.78–2.97 | 0.22 | 1.78 | 0.98–3.24 | 0.06 | 1.13 | 0.51–2.50 | 0.75 |
| Non-Caucasian Race | 1.22 | 0.74–2.00 | 0.44 | 2.46 | 1.40–4.30 | <0.01 | 2.83 | 1.45–5.52 | <0.01 |
| Male Gender | 1.43 | 0.96–2.12 | 0.08 | 1.73 | 1.08–2.76 | 0.02 | 2.05 | 1.14–3.68 | 0.02 |
| Total Load*Ile/Val or Val/Val Geno | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
*
Daycare attendance at 12 months for 12 month wheezing; attendance at 24 months for 24 month and persistent wheezing.
ns: not significant at the 0.20 level and therefore removed from model (interaction only).
†
ETS exposure, DEP estimate ≥ 0.50 µg/m3 and/or mold exposure.
ref: referent category.