Figure 1.

Circadian rhythms of ingestion of total energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates during three work shifts (morning, afternoon and night). Total energy intake did not vary between the shifts, but the timing of energy intake and macronutrients differed, e.g. morning shift workers consumed more energy and carbohydrate in the morning hours than other shifts. A cubic spline model was used to smooth the curves (De Assis et al. [25]). Permission pending.