TABLE 2.
Neuropsychological test performance and level of depression symptoms. (N=1,687 participants with complete data on neuropsychological tests, demographics, and depressive symptoms).
| Domain | Test | Mean (SD) Among mCESD =0 | Mean (SD) Among mCESD 1–2 | Mean (SD) Among mCESD ≥3 | Trend 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention | Trails A Connections/sec | 0.62 (0.22) | 0.59 (0.21) | 0.56 (0.20) | 0.004 |
| Digit Span | 6.58 (1.03) | 6.51 (1.02) | 6.55 (1.02) | ||
| Executive | Trails B Connections/sec | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.23 (0.10) | 0.22 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| Letter Fluency | 12.51 (4.43) | 11.38 (4.23) | 12.02 (4.32) | ||
| Clock Draw | 13.82 (1.40) | 13.56 (1.60) | 13.29 (1.79) | ||
| Language | Boston Naming | 53.94 (5.21) | 52.45 (5.83) | 52.61 (5.28) | <0.001 |
| Animal Fluency | 17.95 (5.28) | 17.54 (5.05) | 17.57 (5.46) | ||
| IU Token Test | 22.92 (1.44) | 22.75 (1.67) | 22.62 (1.64) | ||
| Memory | Logical Memory, Immediate1 | 20.48 (6.98) | 19.08 (6.62) | 18.85 (7.41) | <0.001 |
| Logical Memory, Delayed1 | 15.18 (7.29) | 13.66 (7.18) | 13.41 (7.29) | ||
| Object Memory Test | 22.34 (3.96) | 21.99 (3.74) | 21.77 (4.24) | ||
| Visual Reproduction, Immediate2 | 28.50 (6.80) | 27.82 (6.77) | 26.95 (7.18) | ||
| Visual Reproduction, Delayed2 | 19.51 (10.38) | 18.06 (10.16) | 16.37 (10.59) | ||
| Visuospatial | Block Design | 29.71 (9.38) | 27.18 (8.47) | 26.51 (8.23) | <0.001 |
1
Immediate and Delayed recall conditions of Logical Memory were summed before creating memory composite.
2
Immediate and Delayed recall conditions of Visual Reproduction were summed before creating memory composite.
3
Cuzick nonparametric test for trend. (Cuzick, 1985)