Table 5.

Problem behaviors, depression, and impulsivity among past-year medical and nonmedical users

	Non-users (n=484)		Medical-users (n= 237)		Self-treaters (n= 65)		Sensation-seekers (n= 26)
	M (SD)	B(SE) ¹	M (SD)	B (SE)	M (SD)	B (SE)	M (SD)	B (SE)	F (3, 335)	P Value
Illicit drugs	0.24 (0.08)^a	0	0.33 (0.10)^b	0.10 (0.11)	0.41 (0.17)^c	0.17 (0.17)	3.07 (.23)^abc	2.84 (0.24)	47.73	< .001
Gambling	1.81(0.133)^a	0	2.09 (0.17)^b	0.27 (0.18)	2.23 (0.29)^c	0.42 (0.29)	3.33 (0.39)^abc	1.52 (0.40)	5.23	< .01
Binge drinking	0.20 (0.07)^a	0	0.25 (0.09)^b	0.05 (0.10)	0.40 (0.17)^c	0.20 (0.17)	1.16 (.23)^abc	0.89 (0.13)	8.61	< .001
Disciplined	.49 (0.05)^ad	0	0.37 (0.06)^bd	0.12 (0.07)	0.49 (0.11)^c	0.02 (0.12)	0.98 (0.15)^abc	0.49 (0.27)	5.23	< .01
Sexual activity	3.67 (0.24)^a	0	4.00 (0.30)^b	0.31 (0.33)	4.20 (0.54)	0.53 (0.55)	5.84 (0.74)^ab	2.16 (0.76)	2.87	< .05
Depression	13.12 (0.75)	0	13.51 (0.93)	0.39 (1.05)	13.06 (1.70)	0.06 (1.17)	16.89(2.32)	3.77 (2.38)	.86	NS
Impulsivity	4.02 (0.12)^ad	0	4.20 (0.14)^b	0.18 (0.16)	4.50 (0.26)^cd	0.49 (0.27)	5.00 (0.36)^abc	0.98 (0.37)	3.19	<.05

Non-users were the reference group and set to “0” to avoid over-parameterization. Multivariate, F(21,945)=17.05, P<.001: MANOVA only uses cases that have data for all variables, including control variables and dependent variables statistically controlling for age, race, gender and parental education.

Estimates with the same superscripts in a given row are significantly different from each other.