Table 4.
Prognostic factors in acute cholangitis
| Prognostic factor | Positive value | References |
|---|---|---|
| Related to organ dysfunction | ||
| Shock | 2,10,13 | |
| Mental confusion | 2,10 | |
| Elevated serum creatinine | >1.5–>2.0 mg/dl | 3,10,12,22 |
| Elevated BUN | >20–>64 mg/dl | 10,12,24 |
| Prolonged prothrombin time | >1.5–>2.0 s | 10,23 |
| Hyperbilirubinemia | >2.2–>10 mg/dl | 2,5,6,10,13,222–24 |
| Reduced platelet count | <10 × 104–<15 × 104/mm3 | 3,6,24 |
| Unrelated to organ dysfunction | ||
| High fever | >39°C–>40°C | 2,13 |
| Leukocytosis | >20 000 /mm3 | 2,3 |
| Bacteremia | 3,22 | |
| Endotoxemia | 3 | |
| Hypoalbuminemia | <3.0 mg/dl | 6,23,24 |
| Liver abscess | 12 | |
| Medical comorbidity | 10,12,15,24 | |
| Elderly patient | >75 Years old | 10,12,24 |
| Malignancy as etiology | 12,22 |