Table 2. Individual Effects of Agency- and State-Level Variables on Provision of Treatment (all variables entered into separate models).
| Variable | Coefficient | SE | T-ratio | df | Odds Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Structural Characteristics (N = 41) | |||||
| Median Household Income | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.74* | 39 | 1.00 |
| Percent Urban | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 39 | 1.00 |
| Drug Arrest Rate | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.34 | 39 | 1.00 |
| Average Annual Change in Incarceration Rates 1995-2004 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 1.82* | 39 | 1.09 |
| Percent Substance Dependence/Abuse | 0.40 | 0.17 | 2.41** | 39 | 1.50 |
| Republican Governor in 2005 | -0.70 | 0.25 | -2.75** | 39 | 0.50 |
| SA TX Expenditures per capita | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.48 | 39 | 1.00 |
| Percent SA Expenditures from Medicaid | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.10** | 39 | 1.02 |
| Executive Administrators (N = 97) | |||||
| Administrator has Advanced Degree | -0.09 | 0.31 | -0.31 | 95 | 0.91 |
| Administrator has Service Experience and/or Advanced Social/Health Degree | -0.30 | 0.22 | -1.33 | 95 | 0.74 |
| Goals of Corrections | |||||
| Rehabilitation | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.69 | 95 | 1.10 |
| Just Deserts | -0.02 | 0.12 | -0.15 | 95 | 0.98 |
| Importance SA Treatment relative to Other TX Services | -0.05 | 0.06 | -0.79 | 95 | 0.95 |
| Organizational Climate for Learning (All) | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.76 | 95 | 1.19 |
| Future Goals | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.87 | 95 | 1.18 |
| Training | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 95 | 1.01 |
| Performance Review | -0.07 | 0.16 | -0.41 | 95 | 0.93 |
| Innovation | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.95 | 95 | 1.20 |
| Risk-taking | 0.16 | 0.16 | 1.01 | 95 | 1.18 |
| Organizational Culture | -0.09 | 0.18 | -0.50 | 95 | 0.91 |
| Cohesion | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 95 | 1.01 |
| Hierarchy | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.49 | 95 | 1.10 |
| Performance/Achievement | -0.25 | 0.18 | -1.34 | 95 | 0.78 |
| Innovation/Adaptability | -0.05 | 0.16 | -0.33 | 95 | 0.95 |
| Training & Resources | |||||
| Training | -0.07 | 0.10 | -0.70 | 95 | 0.90 |
| Funding | -0.04 | 0.14 | -0.25 | 95 | 0.96 |
| Physical Facilities | -0.25 | 0.10 | -2.49** | 95 | 0.78 |
| Staffing & Retention | -0.13 | 0.16 | -0.85 | 95 | 0.88 |
| Community Support | -0.08 | 0.19 | -0.45 | 95 | 0.92 |
| Systems Integration | |||||
| Shared Activities with SA TX Programs | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.45 | 95 | 1.01 |
| Shared Activities with Other Correctional Agencies | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.75* | 95 | 1.06 |
| Contact w/Intra-Agency Directors on SA Issues | 0.04 | 0.01 | 2.67*** | 95 | 1.04 |
| Direct Contact Between Executive and SA TX Staff | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 95 | 1.02 |
| Direct Contact Between Executive and Correctional Staff | -0.43 | 0.13 | -3.17*** | 95 | 0.65 |
| Centralized Agency | 0.54 | 0.31 | 1.73* | 94 | 1.71 |
| Decentralized | 0.78 | 0.29 | 2.67*** | 94 | 2.18 |
| Partially Centralized | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Facility Characteristics (N = 426) | |||||
| Adult Corrections | 0.33 | 0.19 | 1.71* | 424 | 1.39 |
| Prison/Juvenile Residential Institution | 0.64 | 0.32 | 1.98** | 423 | 1.89 |
| Jail/Detention Facility | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 423 | 1.14 |
| Community Corrections Facility/Office | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Size of Facility | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.54 | 424 | 1.00 |
Note. SE = Standard Error, SA TX = Substance Abuse Treatment
*
p < .10
**
p < .05
***
p < .01