Pre- and post-transplant CD8 T cells show autoantigen-specific help or suppression function respectively. A, Post-transplant PBMCs were co-cultured with autologous pre-transplant CD8 T cells. B, Drug treated lupus patients' PBMCs were co-cultured with allogeneic pre- or post-transplant lupus CD8 T cells, in a ratio of 1 : 0.5 for three days. Gated viable CD4+ T cells were then analyzed for IFN-γ production by CFC, as in Figure 1. Experiments were repeated five times and the bars show the mean ± SD. * p < 0.01, in panel A. Because of the complexity of using allogeneic combinations, the experiments in panel B were done only with two separate sets of samples.