Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Operative Data for Women With and Without Neurocognitive Dysfunction 4 to 6 Weeks After Cardiac Operation
| Neurocognitive Dysfunction |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No (n = 85) | Yes (n = 28) | p Value |
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 69.4 ± 8.9 | 72.1 ± 8.1 | 0.144 |
| Race, % | |||
| White | 91.80 | 92.90 | 0.853 |
| Black | 8.20 | 7.10 | |
| Peri-op 17β-estradiol treatment, % | 49.40 | 57.10 | 0.478 |
| Comorbidity, % | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 22.40 | 39.30 | 0.078 |
| Hypertension | 84.70 | 92.90 | 0.27 |
| Diabetes type I | 16.50 | 21.40 | 0.551 |
| Diabetes type II | 23.50 | 25.90 | 0.8 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 35.30 | 50.00 | 0.166 |
| Smoking status, % | |||
| Never | 57.70 | 50.00 | 0.752 |
| Current | 16.50 | 21.40 | |
| Former | 25.90 | 28.60 | |
| Level of education, % | |||
| ≤ High school | 63.50 | 71.40 | 0.446 |
| > High school | 36.50 | 28.60 | |
| Aorta atherosclerosis, % | |||
| Normal | 66.20 | 40.90 | 0.064 |
| Mild | 21.10 | 45.50 | |
| Moderate/severe | 12.70 | 13.60 | |
| Apolipoprotein ε genotype, % | |||
| ε 3, 2 | 11.10 | 25.00 | 0.023 |
| ε 4, 3 | 0.00 | 8.33 | |
| ε 3, 4 | 63.90 | 45.80 | |
| ε 4, 5 | 25.00 | 20.80 | |
| Pulse pressure,a mean ± SD mg Hg | 68.9 ± 21.3 | 73.6 ± 24.6 | 0.334 |
| Variables during PB, mean ± SD | |||
| Lowest MAP, mm Hg | 59.9 ± 7.6 | 57.1 ± 6.6 | 0.08 |
| Lowest hematocrit, mean ± SD | 21.5 ± 3.8 | 20.6 ± 3.3 | 0.276 |
| Lowest temperature, °C | 31.8 ± 1.9 | 31.2 ± 2.3 | 0.144 |
| Highest glucose, mg/dL | 244.0 ± 57.1 | 252.7 ± 82.0 | 0.561 |
| CPB duration, mean ± SD min | 114.8 ± 42.2 | 153.7 ± 83.1 | 0.002 |
| Aortic cross-clamping duration, mean ± SD min | 85.1 ± 32.0 | 106.6 ± 62.4 | 0.02 |
a
Pulse pressure was that recorded during preoperative screening.
CHF = preoperative congestive heart failure
CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass
MAP = mean arterial pressure
SD = standard reaction