TABLE 3.

ENGLISH NC: MEANS (AND SD) AT 7, 9, AND 10 (ADJUSTED FOR AGE), BY ZYGOSITY AND SEX; AND ANOVA RESULTS SHOWING SIGNIFICANCE AND EFFECT SIZE, BY SEX AND ZYGOSITY

	Zygosity		Sex		ANOVA
Measure at 7	MZ (n=4,090–4,133)	DZ (n=7,296–7,349)	Female (n=5,855–5,908)	Male (n=5,531–5,574)	Zygosity	Sex	Zygosity × Sex
Speaking and Listening	−.06 (1.02)	.03 (.99)	.08 (.96)	−.09 (1.03)	p<.001 η2=.002	p< .001 η2=.008	p=.037 η2<.001
Reading	−.06 (1.00)	.03 (1.00)	.10 (.96)	−.11 (1.03)	p<.001 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.011	p=.459 η2<.001
Writing	−.04 (1.00)	.02 (1.00)	.14 (.95)	−.15 (1.03)	p<.001 η2=.001	p<.001 η2=.019	p=.768 η2<.001
Composite	−.06 (1.01)	.03 (.99)	.12 (.95)	−.13 (1.03)	p<.001 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.016	p=.236 η2<.001
	Zygosity		Sex		ANOVA
Measure at 9	MZ (n=1,947–1,963)	DZ (n=3,429–3,458)	Female (n=2,824–2,848)	Male (n=2,552–2,573)	Zygosity	Sex	Zygosity × Sex
Speaking and Listening	−.06 (1.00)	.03 (1.00)	.11 (.96)	−.12 (1.03)	p<.001 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.013	p=.350 η2<.001
Reading	−.03 (1.00)	.02 (1.00)	.11 (.95)	−.12 (1.04)	p=.049 η2=.001	p<.001 η2=.014	p=.220 η2<.001
Writing	−.05 (1.00)	.03 (1.00)	.13 (.96)	−.14 (1.02)	p=.003 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.018	p=.327 η2 < .001
Composite	−.05 (1.00)	.03 (1.00)	.13 (.95)	−.14 (1.03)	p=.001 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.019	p=.217 η2< .001
	Zygosity		Sex		ANOVA
Measure at 10	MZ (n=2,006–2,033)	DZ (n=3,624–3,657)	Female (n=2,957–2,992)	Male (n=2,673–2,698)	Zygosity	Sex	Zygosity × Sex
Speaking and Listening	−.07 (1.01)	.04 (.99)	.11 (.95)	−.12 (1.04)	p<.001 η2=.003	p<.001 η2=.012	p=.719 η2<.001
Reading	−.05 (1.00)	.03 (1.00)	.09 (.96)	−.10 (1.03)	p=.002 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.010	p=.519 η2<.001
Writing	−.02 (1.00)	.01 (1.00)	.14 (.95)	−.16 (1.03)	p=.048 η2=.001	p<.001 η2=.022	p=.402 η2<.001
Composite	−.05 (1.01)	.03 (.99)	.12 (.95)	−.14 (1.04)	p=.001 η2=.002	p<.001 η2=.017	p=.486 η2<.001