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Palmitate disturbs cytosolic redox in H4IIEC3 cells. A, lactate/pyruvate ratio was determined from GC-MS analysis. B, cytosolic NAD+/NADH was calculated from the lactate/pyruvate values, assuming Keq = 1.11 × 10−4 for lactate dehydrogenase. Values in A and B are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 5). *, p < 0.05 for the comparison with untreated cells (white circles).
