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Overall effects of stimulant drugs on sleep and waking in the rat. Data are expressed as a percentage of total time spent in wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep over the entire 14-h recording experiment. Values are means ± SEM; n = 7 for vehicle; n = 6 for caffeine, methamphetamine, and modafinil. Drug dosages as in figure legend 2. * P < 0.001 vs. vehicle; † P < 0.001 vs. both caffeine and methamphetamine; § P < 0.05 vs. methamphetamine; by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test.
