Table 2.
Diffuse Edema
| Fluorescein Angiography | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Source of Leakage | Area of Leakage | Relationship to Center of Macula | Cysts | Associated with Nonperfusion? |
| Blankenship, 1979 | ≥7 leakage sites* | NPD | NPD | NPD | NPD |
| Bresnick, 1983 | entire capillary system | extensive* areas | implied to involve center | yes | yes |
| Bresnick, 1986 | microaneurysms, capillaries, and arterioles | throughout posterior pole* | implied to involve center | NPD | NPD |
| ETDRS, 1995 | <33% of leakage associated* with microaneurysms | NPD | NPD | NPD | NPD |
| Akduman, 1999; Akduman 1997 | NPD | ≥2 DAs | involves FAZ | NPD, GS | NPD |
| Lovestam-Adrian, 2000 | |||||
| Martidis, 2002 | posterior* capillary bed | extensive* areas | implied to involve center | yes | NPD |
| Funatsu, 2003 | diffusely* dilated capillaries | throughout posterior pole* | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Audren, 2004 | diffuse* | most* of macula | implied to involve center | NPD | NPD |
| Ciardella, 2004 | diffuse* | entire* macula | involves center | yes | NPD |
| Kang, 2004 | ill defined* | widespread* | involves circumference of the fovea | either | NPD |
| Laursen, 2004 | |||||
| Massin, 2004 | diffuse* | most* of macula | implied to involve center | NPD | NPD |
| Bonini-Filho, 2005 | diffuse* | most* of macular area | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Catier, 2005 | |||||
| Cardillo, 2005 | diffuse* | most* of macula | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Luttrull, 2005 | NPD | NPD | NPD | no | no |
| Tunc, 2005 | mas, dilated capillaries | entire* macula | NPD | NPD | no |
| Audren, 2006 | diffuse* | NPD | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Jensen, 2006 | |||||
| Kang, 2006 | diffuse* | NPD | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Kim, 2006 | |||||
| Zein, 2006 | NPD | all 4 quadrants of macula involved | involves center | NPD | NPD |
| Brasil, 2007 | |||||
| Carpineto, 2007 | not mas | throughout posterior pole* | involves center | either | NPD |
| Shimura, 2007;Shimura, 2004 | NPD | NPD | involves FAZ | NPD | NPD |
| Kang, 2008 | diffuse* | NPD | involves center | NPD | NPD |
DD=disk diameter, DA= disk area, NPD=not part of definition, either=yes or no, mas=microaneurysms, FAZ= foveal avascular zone, GS=graded separately,
*
=undefined term. Blank cells indicate that the modality is not used in the definition in the reference of the row in question. This table is not represented to reflect an exhaustive review of the literature.