. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 30.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep 5;146(5):649–655.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.07.013

Table 5.

Focal Diabetic Macular Edema

Clinical Examination or Fundus Photography
Reference	Center of the Macula Thickened?	Lipid Exudates	Pattern of Lipid	Area	Vitreomacular Traction
Blankenship,1979
Bresnick, 1983	NPD	frequent^*, but not necessary	often^* in rings	NPD	NPD
El Asrar, 1991	NPD	frequent^*, but not necessary	bordering area of edema	NPD	NPD
ETDRS, 1995
Martidis, 2002	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Kang, 2004	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Ciardella, 2004	NPD	yes	circinate	NPD	NPD
Laursen, 2004	no	NPD	NPD	<2Das	NPD
Jeppesen, 2006	no	yes	NPD	area <1 DD in diameter, > 1DD from center	NPD
Luttrull, 2005	NPD	NPD	NPD	<4 quadrants of macula^a	NPD
Tunc, 2005	NPD	frequent^*, but not necessary	often^* circinate	NPD	NPD
Jensen, 2006	NPD	yes	circular	limited^*	NPD

DD=disk diameter, DA= disk area, NPD=not part of definition, either=yes or no, mas=microaneurysms, FAZ= foveal avascular zone, GS=graded separately,

=undefined term. Blank cells indicate that the modality is not used in the definition in the reference of the row in question. This table is not represented to reflect an exhaustive review of the literature.