. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 30.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep 5;146(5):649–655.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.07.013

Table 6.

Focal Diabetic Macular Edema

Fluorescein Angiography
Reference	Source of Leakage	Area of Leakage	Relationship to Center of Macula	Cysts	Associated with Nonperfusion?
Blankenship, 1979	<7 leakage sites^*	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Bresnick, 1983	microaneurysms, dilated capillary segments	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
El Asrar, 1991
ETDRS, 1995	≥67% of leakage associated^* with microaneurysms	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Martidis, 2002	microaneurysms, dilated capillary segments	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Kang, 2004	microaneurysms and localized^* dilated capillaries	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Ciardella, 2004	microaneurysms	NPD	NPD	NPD	NPD
Laursen, 2004
Jeppesen, 2006
Luttrull, 2005	NPD	NPD	NPD	no	no
Tunc, 2005
Jensen, 2006	NPD	limited^*	NPD	NPD	NPD

DD=disk diameter, DA= disk area, NPD=not part of definition, either=yes or no, mas=microaneurysms, FAZ= foveal avascular zone, GS=graded separately,

=undefined term. Blank cells indicate that the modality is not used in the definition in the reference of the row in question. This table is not represented to reflect an exhaustive review of the literature.