Figure 6.

GS-HNE stimulates local production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in vivo. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with GS-HNE (10 µg) and peritoneal exudates were obtained after 4 h or at indicated time points and the production of lipid mediators was determined (see Methods). Cysteinyl leukotrienes were determined by ELISA (A). Mediator lipidomics was carried out by LC/MS/MS to identify pro-inflammatory lipid mediators LTB₄, PGE₂ and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) (B). Monohydroxy fatty acids including 5-, 12- and 15-HETE, as well as 17-HDHA were also identified (C). A representative mass spectrum showing the identification of resolvin pathway marker, 17-HDHA, is presented in (D) and the structural diagnostic ions and the chromatogram (MRM) shown in the inset. Results are presented as mean ± SEM, **P < 0.01 (vs. 0, 4 and 24 h by one-way anova). GS-HNE, glutathionyl-4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 17-DHA, 17-hydroxy-DHA.