Overexpression of CCN3 reduces growth and increases intercellular adhesion of breast cancer cells. A, Western analysis of the conditioned medium of MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with control vector pcDNA or full-length human CCN3 (SP-NH25). B, growth curve of CCN3-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 (SP-NH25) cells compared with control cells (* = p < 0.001, one-way analysis of variance). C, migration distance of SP-NH25 cells compared with control cells as determined by wound healing assay. D, adhesive properties of MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with control vector pcDNA or full-length human CCN3 (SP-NH25) on various substrates. BSA, bovine serum albumin. E, representative picture of a typical multicellular tumor spheroid of SP-NH25 cells after 7 days in culture. Control cells formed smaller loose cell aggregates. Addition of CCN3 minimally affected spheroid formation. In all cases, 10,000 cells were plated per well of an ultra-low attachment 96-well dish. Scale bar, 50 μm.