Figure 3.

Characteristic staining patterns for Epo receptor in the medulla of the brainstem. A-C. Neurons staining for the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). A. Cytoplasmic staining of neurons and perinuclear enhancement (white arrow). Nuclear and perinuclear staining of glia (filled arrow) and immunostaining of a small vessel (arrow head) can also be observed in this field. B. Cytoplasmic and strong perinuclear staining for EpoR in a neuron (white arrow) and cytoplasmic staining of microglia for EpoR (filled arrow). C. Nuclear staining for EpoR in a neuron. There is no cytoplasmic staining of neurons or vessels in this field. D. A small and medium sized vessel showing strong EpoR staining. E-G. Large vessels showing different patterns of EpoR immunolabelling. E. EpoR staining on the outer vessel structures and no staining on endothelial cells. F. Light EpoR staining associated with a vessel showing intravascular parasite burden. G. EpoR staining on endothelial cells and pericytes/smooth muscle cells. This image also shows nuclear staining in glia (filled arrow). H. A small vessel with intravascular parasites showing perivascular glial immunolabelling for EpoR (filled arrow). A perineuronal glia (white arrow) and a cluster of glia (arrow head) showing immunolabelling for EpoR. Scale bars: A, D, H, 25 μm; B-C, 25 μm; E-F, 50 μm.