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Cumulative sum (Cusum score) (—) for successful cannulation using endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) on patients with an intact sphincter of Oddi (n= 238) by attempt number (ERCP) for a single trainee from June 2006 to May 2008 with the graph resetting if H0 or H1 is accepted. Unacceptable cannulation failure rate set at 0.35, acceptable cannulation failure rate set at 0.20. Type 1 & II error = 0.10. Each horizontal grid line on the y-axis represents a control line
