Table I.
Summary of all Finite Element crypt models listing the parameters that were varied and the results
Models with crypts carry code C, while models with stomata on the leaf surface have code S. Model 1 is the basic model and best representation of B. ilicifolia crypts with fully open stomata. Models 1 to 3 explore the effect of crypt trichomes, where code A represents trichomes that are ascending toward the crypt aperture and code H represents trichomes that are horizontally oriented. Models 4 to 12 explore the effect of stomatal conductance at ambient relative humidities of 50%, 65%, and 80% (indicated as subscripts in the model code). Stomatal size codes are N (narrow), S (standard), and L (large). Stomatal dimensions are given in Table II. Model 13 explores the effect of reduced crypt depth, indicated by the code R replacing the C.
Parameter | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | Model 11 | Model 12 | Model 13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crypt models | CS50A | CS50H | CS50 | CNB50 | CNB65 | CNB80 | CSB50 | CSB65 | CSB80 | CLB50 | CLB65 | CLB80 | RSB50 |
Stomatal size | S | S | S | N | N | N | S | S | S | L | L | L | S |
Trichomes | A | H | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Boundary layer | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
RH (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 50 |
Crypt depth | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 166 | 138.5 |
Transpiration rate (mmol m−2 s−1) | 3.91 | 3.89 | 3.97 | 2.05 | 1.35 | 0.67 | 3.58 | 2.31 | 1.15 | 11.7 | 7.47 | 3.74 | 3.74 |
Stomatal conductance (mol m−2 s−1) | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 0.37 |
Crypt conductance (mol m−2 s−1) | 1.66 | 1.62 | 1.78 | 1.52 | 1.25 | 1.07 | 1.17 | 1.02 | 0.93 | 1.51 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.37 |
Crypt effect (%) | 15.1 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 48.4 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 11.3 | ||||||
Analogs with stomata on surface | SSB50 | SSB65 | SSB80 | SLB50 | SLB65 | SNB80 | |||||||
Transpiration rate (mmol m−2 s−1) | 4.22 | 2.71 | 1.35 | 22.6 | 14.5 | 7.26 | |||||||
Stomatal conductance (mol m−2 s−1) | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 2.26 | 2.26 | 2.26 |