Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 207) | Controls (n = 207) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.1 ± 6.1 | 73.9 ± 5.9 | 0.71 |
| Females | 99 (47.8) | 99 (47.8) | 1.00 |
| Race | 1.00 | ||
| White | 200 (96.6) | 200 (96.6) | |
| Black | 6 (2.9) | 6 (2.9) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan native | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Diabetes status | 0.99 | ||
| Normal glucose | 123 (59.4) | 123 (59.4) | |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 30 (14.5) | 29 (14.0) | |
| Diabetes | 54 (26.1) | 55 (26.6) | |
| CVD | 68 (33) | 49 (24) | 0.04 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 (7) | 8 (4) | 0.13 |
| Internal carotid IMT | <0.001 | ||
| Median | 1.46 | 1.30 | |
| IQR | 1.11–1.92 | 0.94–1.65 | |
| Current Smoking | 24 (11.6) | 19 (9.2) | 0.57 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 142.6 ± 22.9 | 136.9 ± 22.8 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70.8 ± 12.4 | 70.1 ± 11.4 | 0.56 |
| HTN medication (excluding diuretics) | 84 (40.6) | 68 (33) | 0.10 |
| Diuretics | 82 (40) | 60 (29) | 0.02 |
| Weight, kg | 75.7 ± 14.5 | 75.0 ± 14.9 | 0.64 |
| Change in weight, lbs | −2.9 ± 11.6 | −1.5 ± 9.7 | 0.19 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 97.3 ± 12.8 | 95.7 ± 12.9 | 0.20 |
| Change in waist circumference, cm | 2.5 ± 7.5 | 2.8 ± 7.4 | 0.63 |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 67.2 ± 23.6 | 66.9 ± 22.6 | 0.925 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dl | 1.13 ± 0.43 | 1.13 ± 0.42 | 0.95 |
| Change in creatinine, mg/dl | 0.4 ± 0.51 (0.3 to 6.8) | −0.03 ± 0.10 (−0.50 to 0.20) | <0.001 |
| Baseline cystatin C, mg/dl | 1.18 ± 0.38 | 1.09 ± 0.33 | 0.03 |
| Change in cystatin C, mg/dl | 0.48 ± 0.48 | 0.08 ± 0.13 | <0.001 |
Figures in parentheses indicate percentages or interquartile range.