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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: Organ Environ. 2008 Sep 1;21(3):270–294. doi: 10.1177/1086026608321327

Table 2. Low, Medium, and High Environmental Inequality Across All 329 Metropolitan Areas in the Continental United States, 2000a.

White Environmental Inequality

Low EIb Med EI High EI Total

Blacks 38 (11.6) 20 (6.1) 10 (3.0) 68 (20.7)
Native Americans 22 (6.7) 24 (7.3) 11 (3.3) 57 (17.3)
Asians 47 (14.3) 44 (13.4) 7 (2.1) 98 (29.8)
Pacific Islanders 3 (0.9) 12 (3.6) 10 (3.0) 25 (7.6)
Hispanics 37 (11.2) 20 (6.1) 3 (0.9) 60 (18.2)
Total 147 120 41
Black Environmental Inequality

Pollution Category Low EI Med EI High EI Total

Whites 62 (18.8) 82 (24.9) 84 (25.5) 228 (69.3)
Native Americans 37 (11.2) 69 (21.0) 60 (18.2) 166 (50.5)
Asian Americans 50 (15.2) 73 (22.2) 75 (22.8) 198 (60.2)
Pacific Islanders 12 (3.6) 41 (12.5) 70 (21.3) 123 (37.4)
Hispanics 65 (19.8) 56 (17.0) 38 (11.6) 159 (48.3)
Total 226 321 327
Native American Environmental Inequality

Pollution Category Low EI Med EI High EI Total

Whites 38 (11.6) 79 (24.0) 27 (8.2) 144 (43.8)
Blacks 21 (6.4) 27 (8.2) 9 (2.7) 57 (17.3)
Asian Americans 44 (13.4) 59 (17.9) 29 (8.8) 132 (40.1)
Pacific Islanders 6 (1.8) 18 (5.5) 51 (15.5) 75 (22.8)
Hispanics 28 (8.5) 29 (8.8) 13 (4.0) 70 (21.3)
Total 137 212 129
Asian American Environmental Inequality

Pollution Category Low EI Med EI High EI Total

Whites 54 (16.4) 85 (25.8) 14 (4.3) 153 (46.5)
Blacks 32 (9.7) 19 (5.8) 17 (5.2) 68 (20.7)
Native Americans 25 (7.6) 40 (12.2) 25 (7.6) 90 (27.4)
Pacific Islanders 9 (2.7) 12 (3.6) 27 (8.2) 48 (14.6)
Hispanics 33 (10.0) 34 (10.3) 15 (4.6) 82 (24.9)
Total 153 190 98
Pacific Islander Environmental Inequality

Pollution Category Low EI Med EI High EI Total

Whites 7 (2.1) 41 (12.5) 36 (10.9) 84 (25.5)
Blacks 5 (1.5) 15 (4.6) 15 (4.6) 35 (10.6)
Native Americans 3 (0.9) 36 (10.9) 25 (7.6) 64 (19.5)
Asians 7 (2.1) 23 (7.0) 28 (8.5) 58 (17.6)
Hispanics 4 (1.2) 22 (6.7) 17 (5.2) 43 (13.1)
Total 26 137 121
Hispanic Environmental Inequality

Pollution Category Low EI Med EI High EI Total

Whites 74 (22.5) 95 (28.9) 54 (16.4) 223 (67.8)
Blacks 62 (18.8) 39 (11.9) 23 (7.0) 124 (37.7)
Native Americans 38 (11.6) 72 (21.9) 38 (11.6) 148 (45.0)
Asian Americans 50 (15.2) 85 (25.8) 51 (15.5) 186 (56.5)
Pacific Islanders 8 (2.4) 29 (8.8) 60 (18.2) 97 (29.5)
Total 232 320 226

Note: The data in this table only refer to instances in which the average pollution burdens experienced by each racial/ethnic group pair are statistically different from one another.

a

The numbers in parentheses present the percentage of metropolitan areas in the continental United States that the whole numbers to the left of the parentheses represent. These are not column percentages. Percentages are not given for the totals along the bottom of each minitable because these totals double-count metropolitan areas.

b

EI = environmental inequality. Low EI exists when the pollution burden of the group in bold is 1 to 1.25 times greater than that of the comparison group. Medium EI (Med EI) exists when the pollution burden is 1.25 to 1.75 times greater. High EI exists when the pollution burden is at least 1.75 times greater.