Table 4.
Handwashing and hygiene conditions following a 3-year point-of-use water treatment and handwashing intervention, Camotán, Guatemala, 2007
| Control |
Intervention |
RD |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | n | (%) | n | (%) | (95% CI)a | |
| Self-reported handwashingb | ||||||
| Before cooking | 243 | (81.0) | 232 | (77.3) | −0.037 | (−0.11 to 0.04) |
| Before eating | 100 | (33.3) | 101 | (33.7) | 0.003 | (−0.09 to 0.09) |
| Before feeding children | 61 | (20.3) | 49 | (16.3) | −0.040 | (−0.14 to 0.06) |
| After defaecation | 157 | (52.3) | 152 | (50.7) | −0.017 | (−0.12 to 0.09) |
| After changing baby | 38 | (12.7) | 38 | (12.7) | 0.000 | (−0.10 to 0.10) |
| Spot-check observations | ||||||
| Mother's hands are clean | 271 | (90.3) | 267 | (89.0) | −0.013 | (−0.07 to 0.04) |
| Mother's nails are clean | 220 | (73.3) | 216 | (72.0) | −0.013 | (−0.10 to 0.08) |
| Can produce a bar of soap | 266 | (88.7) | 275 | (91.7) | 0.030 | (−0.05 to 0.11) |
| Bar of soap is in plain view | 170 | (56.7) | 177 | (59.0) | 0.023 | (−0.07 to 0.12) |
| Food is covered | 160 | (53.3) | 167 | (55.7) | 0.023 | (−0.11 to 0.16) |
| Garbage present inside home | 173 | (57.7) | 142 | (47.3) | −0.103 | (−0.23 to 0.02) |
| Feces observed in living area | 211 | (70.3) | 231 | (77.0) | 0.067 | (−0.05 to 0.18) |
a95% CI calculated by bootstrap resampling matched village pairs with 1000 iterations.
bResponses to an open-ended question about handwashing in the 24 h before the interview.
n = 300 intervention and n = 300 control households.