Figure 5.

Spectral Granger causality reveals both top-down (MFC → OCC) directed influence, which was significantly increased following unconscious and conscious errors, and bottom-up (OCC → MFC) influence, which was strongest during stimulus presentation and was not significantly modulated by events in the previous trial. (A) Time-frequency plots for each condition for MFC → OCC directed synchrony (top row) and OCC → MFC directed synchrony (bottom row). Deeper red colors indicate that more variance in OCC (top) or MFC (bottom) can be explained by variance in MFC (top) or OCC (bottom) in each frequency band. (B) Line plots (average from 2–12 Hz) demonstrate time courses of directed synchrony effects. (C) Difference maps between trials following unconscious errors and Go trials (left side) and between trials following conscious errors and Go trials (right side) demonstrates time-frequency regions in which condition differences were maximal.