FIG. 4.

Synergistic induction of CAMP mRNA and pro-LL-37 expression by PBA and 1,25(OH)₂D₃. VA10 cells were stimulated with PBA (4 mM) and/or 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (20 nM) as well as solvent (Control) for 24 h. (A) CAMP mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Individual samples were normalized to total RNA input. Results were plotted as induction over control samples. Error bars indicate SEM from at least three independent experiments. (B) Western blot analysis showing pro-LL-37 expression in total cell lysates and cell culture supernatants. One representative blot out of three is shown. *, P < 0.05. Synthetic LL-37 and seminal fluid were used as controls for mature peptide and proform, respectively (not shown).